Chapter 64 Principles

To reduce aspiration risk in dysphagia, which is most important?

• Keep the patient flat after feeding

• Ensure correct food/liquid consistency, proper positioning, and suction nearby

• Offer large amounts of thin liquid

• Encourage postural drainage immediately after feeding

Bulbar paralysis increases aspiration risk because it causes:

• Diplopia

• Dysphagia

• Dysarthria

• Nystagmus

Bell's palsy results from unilateral inflammation of:

• CN V

• CN VII

• CN VIII

• CN IX

The priority nursing intervention for Bell's palsy is:

• Increase ambulation

• Administer antibiotics

• Protect the affected eye with drops/patch

• Encourage hot packs

Which action should be avoided in DVT?

• Elevating legs

• Compression stockings

• Anticoagulant therapy

• Massaging calf/thigh

To prevent arboviral encephalitis, patient teaching includes:

• Increase dairy intake

• Wear long clothing, use DEET, avoid peak mosquito hours, remove standing water

• Take prophylactic antivirals daily

• Use aspirin for prevention

Guillain-Barré is caused by:

• an autoimmune response

• a genetic mutation

• a bacterial toxin

• a vitamin deficiency

Which symptom is NOT typical in MS?

• Blurred vision

• Fatigue

• Spasticity

• Bradycardia

Which triggers should be avoided in MS?

• Exercise

• Heat, hot baths, fatigue

• Cold exposure

• High-protein diet

Which drugs treat spasticity?

• Phenytoin, carbamazepine

• Baclofen, benzodiazepines, dantrolene

• Prednisone, hydrocortisone

• Atropine, scopolamine