Islamic History and Key Events

What was the primary religious practice of most Arab inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula before the emergence of Islam?

• Monotheism

• Polytheism

• Christianity

• Judaism

In which city was Muhammad born around 570 CE?

• Medina

• Damascus

• Mecca

• Baghdad

What title was given to the first four successors of Muhammad, who ruled from 632-661 CE?

• Sultans

• Imams

• Rashidun

• Emirs

Which city became the capital of the Islamic Empire under the Umayyad Dynasty?

• Mecca

• Medina

• Damascus

• Baghdad

Which of the following groups of professionals were attracted to the flourishing intellectual environment of the Islamic Golden Age?

• Farmers, merchants, and artisans

• Poets, physicians, and astronomers

• Warriors, politicians, and diplomats

• Architects, engineers, and builders

What was a significant consequence of the Abbasid Caliphs losing control of their empire starting in the mid-9th century?

• The Caliphate expanded its territory further into Europe.

• The Caliph gained more political and military authority.

• Local Muslim dynasties emerged and gained control over vast regions.

• The empire became more centralized under a single ruler.

How did the Seljuks, a Sunni Turkic family, impact the Abbasid Caliphate after taking control of Baghdad in 1055 CE?

• They completely overthrew the Abbasid Caliph and established a new dynasty.

• They limited the Caliph's power but maintained him as a symbolic figurehead, defending him against rivals.

• They converted to Shia Islam and allied with the Fatimids against the Abbasids.

• They moved the capital of the Caliphate from Baghdad to Anatolia.

What significant event occurred in Baghdad in 1258 CE, marking the end of the Islamic Golden Age?

• The establishment of the Mamluk Sultanate

• The conquest of the city by the Ottoman Empire

• The siege and destruction of the city by the Mongols

• The rise of the Khwarazmian Empire

Which group successfully halted the Mongol advance into Egypt and the Levant?

• The Ayyubids

• The Crusaders

• The Ilkhanate

• The Mamluks

Which city did the Ottoman Empire conquer in 1453 CE, ending a thousand years of Byzantine rule?

• Cairo

• Baghdad

• Constantinople

• Anatolia