Q1 Summative Review

Which of the following are true about labor unions? CHOOSE TWO ANSWERS

• The goal of labor unions is to improve pay and working conditions for workers

• The government did support labor unions during the Gilded Age

• The goal of labor unions was to increase monopoly profits

• The goal of Labor Unions was to eliminate work from society

• The government did not support labor unions during the Gilded age

Answer explanation

Labor = Work so a Labor Union is a Work Union. They are created to help workers negotiate with their bosses. They typically want better pay and better working conditions

The rise of big business caused which of the following issues?

• Monopolies and unfair competition

• Increased small business opportunities

• Decreased industrialization

• Reduction in urbanization

Answer explanation

increase in small business opportunity is wrong because as monopolies grow, small businesses are crushed

Decreased industrialization means there is less growth of industry/manufacturing/business. As big business rises industrialization increases

Reduction in urbanization means that cities would be shrinking. As big business grows the cities get bigger as more people move there for jobs

The Transcontinental Railroad is important because it:

• increased economic growth in the US

• was the first railroad built in the world.

• only benefited the western states of the U.S.

• reduced the need for any other form of transportation in the U.S.

Answer explanation

The railroad makes it easier to move goods and people! So it makes it easier to get to the West and it improves the economy by making it easier to get goods to people who will buy them!

Technology and the rise of big business are connected because:

• Technological advancements enabled mass production and expansion of businesses.

• Technology made businesses smaller and less efficient.

• Big businesses avoided using new technology to stay competitive.

• Technology slowed down the growth of big businesses.

Answer explanation

Technology makes it easier to do business! Inventions like the lightbulb, railroad, and Bessemer process all help business increase the amount of stuff they can make so that makes it easier for businesses to make mone

The Homestead Act was a law that:

• gave free land to settlers in the West, encouraging westward expansion.

• required settlers to pay high prices for western land, discouraging migration.

• restricted settlement in the West to only wealthy landowners.

• prohibited farming on western lands to preserve natural resources.

Answer explanation

The Homestead Act gave 160 acres of land to settlers who lived on it for 5 years and farmed/built a house. It was a huge cause of people moving west!

The purpose of the Dawes Act was to:

• Assimilate Native Americans by forcing them to have smaller plots of land to farm

• To give women more political participation by granting them the right to vote

• To create more equality in the United States by abolishing slavery

• To encourage settlers to move west by giving them 160 acres of free land

Answer explanation

The Dawes Act breaks up Reservation land into 160 acre plots that were given to individual families. The goal of this was to make them farmers and more "American" or to Assimilate them to American culture

Urbanization refers to the process of people moving from rural areas to cities. Which of the following is a problem commonly associated with urbanization?

• Overcrowding in cities

• Increase in rural population

• Decrease in industrialization

• Reduction in city infrastructure

Answer explanation

Urban = City

Rural = Country

Urbanization is the growth of cities! Increased people in the cities means overcrowding, more pollution/dirt, the growth of tenements, also the growth of industry as more people are moving there for jobs!

The reason for the boom in the cattle industry during this time period was:

• The expansion of railroads made it easier to transport cattle to markets.

• The discovery of gold increased demand for beef.

• The invention of barbed wire reduced cattle theft.

• The decline in farming led to more open land for cattle.

Answer explanation

Beef became popular as a food after the Civil War. Once the railroad was built it was easier to move the cows to cities where more people would eat them!

The pattern of migration from rural to urban areas during the Gilded Age was:

• a significant movement of people from farms to cities seeking jobs in industry

• a mass migration from cities to rural areas for farming opportunities

• a steady decline in urban populations as people returned to rural life

• no significant change in population distribution between rural and urban areas

Answer explanation

Migration = movement

Remember why people typically move is for jobs! In the Gilded Age/Progressive Era people are moving to the cities for factory jobs

Life for most immigrants when they came to America during the Gilded Age was:

• difficult, with low wages and poor living conditions

• easy, with immediate wealth and comfort

• filled with government support and free land

• characterized by luxury and high social status

Answer explanation

In the Gilded Age most immigrants are poor, illiterate, and don't speak English so they end up settling in tenements and ethnic neighborhoods.