Industrial Rev. Pt 2 Review

Which of the following technological advances led to increased steel production and contributed to industrialization?

• Introduction of mass production

• Creation of suspension bridges

• Invention of the Bessemer process

• Invention of the steam engine drill

Answer explanation

The Bessemer process revolutionized steel production by allowing for the mass production of steel at a lower cost and higher quality, which was crucial for industrialization, unlike the other options listed.

By 1910, New York had six Italian-language newspapers, each with a daily circulation of over 10,000. The Yiddish-language daily, The Forward, had 120,000 daily readers. What can be inferred about New York from this information?

• Only Italian and Jewish immigrants were literate.

• The city had significant populations of Italian and Yiddish-speaking immigrants.

• There were not as many Jewish immigrants as Italian immigrants in New York.

• Newspaper publishers were less focused on Italian immigrants.

Answer explanation

The excerpt indicates a significant presence of both Italian and Yiddish-speaking communities in New York, as evidenced by the number of newspapers catering to these populations, suggesting large immigrant populations.

Which statement most accurately defines a tenement during the late 1800s and early 1900s?

• A type of luxury housing built for wealthy industrialists

• A small, often overcrowded apartment building for working-class families.

• A temporary shelter built by immigrants while searching for jobs

• A government-funded housing project

Answer explanation

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, tenements were small, often overcrowded apartment buildings that housed working-class families, reflecting the urban housing conditions of the time.

What was the main goal of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

• To promote Chinese immigration to Western cities

• To limit Chinese immigration and prevent Chinese laborers from becoming citizens

• To safeguard Chinese workers from hazardous factory conditions

• To boost the number of Chinese immigrants working on railroads

Answer explanation

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 aimed to restrict Chinese immigration and deny citizenship to Chinese laborers, reflecting the era's racial prejudice and economic fears regarding competition for jobs.

In what way were the “new” immigrants of the late 1800s different from those who immigrated to the United States earlier?

• Earlier immigrants usually lived in cities, while “new” immigrants more often chose to settle on farms.

• Earlier immigrants mostly came from northern and western Europe, while “new” immigrants often arrived from southern and eastern Europe.

• Earlier immigrants had to learn English after arriving, but “new” immigrants already spoke English when they came.

• "New" immigrants originated from China.

Answer explanation

The "new" immigrants of the late 1800s primarily came from southern and eastern Europe, while earlier immigrants were mostly from northern and western Europe, highlighting a significant shift in the origins of immigrants.

The majority of immigrants who passed through Angel Island in San Francisco Bay originated from

• Britain.

• China.

• Mexico.

• Zimbabwe.

Answer explanation

Most immigrants at Angel Island were from China, especially during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as it served as a processing center for Chinese immigrants facing strict immigration laws.

What approach did many major cities take to address crime in the late 1800s?

• Many neighborhoods were patrolled by uniformed police officers.

• Strict curfews were enforced for all residents by city officials.

• Emergency call boxes were installed on most street corners by city planners.

• A Sheriff was appointed by city officials.

Answer explanation

In the late 1800s, many large cities increased safety by deploying uniformed police officers to patrol neighborhoods, which helped deter crime and improve public order.

“All charges made for any service rendered or to be rendered in the transportation of passengers or property as aforesaid, or in connection therewith, or for the receiving, delivering, storage, or handling of such property, shall be reasonable and just; and every unjust and unreasonable charge for such service is prohibited and declared to be unlawful.”
—Interstate Commerce Act, 1887
Transcript of Interstate Commerce Act (1887),
According to this passage, what action did the Interstate Commerce Act take?

• It oversaw the business dealings of the railroads.

• It eliminated all existing railroad monopolies.

• It supervised the prices set by railroads.

• It governed every railroad in the country.

Answer explanation

The Interstate Commerce Act monitored the rates charged by railroads, ensuring that all charges for transportation services were reasonable and just, thus prohibiting unjust and unreasonable charges.

According to the passage, what does Andrew Carnegie believe is the obligation of wealthy individuals?

• Those with wealth have earned their riches and deserve to keep them.

• Wealthy individuals are responsible for contributing to the welfare of society.

• Everyone, no matter their social status, should be content with their position in life.

• America offers opportunities for anyone to become wealthy through hard work.

Answer explanation

Carnegie emphasizes that wealthy individuals have a duty to use their surplus wealth for the benefit of society, acting as trustees for the less fortunate. This highlights the responsibility of the wealthy to give back.

“[Rockefeller’s company] eliminated its competitors, in short, by persuading the major railroads to deny them shipping. Vanderbilt is said to have remarked that only one man—Rockefeller—could give him orders.”
—H. D. Lloyd, The Atlantic, 1881
According to this passage, Lloyd explains how John D. Rockefeller established an oil

• antitrust.

• cartel.

• corporation.

• trust.

Answer explanation

In the text, Lloyd highlights how Rockefeller's company eliminated competition by controlling transportation, a tactic typical of a trust, which is a business arrangement to monopolize a market. Thus, the correct answer is 'trust.'