What are seismic waves?

• Energy vibrations that travel through Earth

• Waves of water in the ocean

• Light waves from the sun

• Air currents in the atmosphere

Which type of seismic wave is the fastest and can travel through both solids and liquids?

• S-waves

• Surface waves

• P-waves

• Sound waves

How are seismic waves similar to sound waves?

• Both are visible to the human eye

• Both travel through solid rock only

• Both carry information as they travel

• Both are caused by water movement

Why do scientists study seismic waves to understand Earth's interior?

• Because seismic waves are easy to see

• Because seismic waves carry information about Earth's interior as they travel

• Because seismic waves only occur on the surface

• Because seismic waves are caused by weather

Imagine you are a scientist trying to learn about the inside of the Earth. You cannot dig deep enough to see the core. How could seismic waves help you learn about Earth's interior layers?

• By showing you pictures of the core

• By carrying information about the materials they pass through, which can be analyzed to infer the structure of Earth's interior

• By making the ground shake only on the surface

• By creating new layers inside the Earth

What is the point where an earthquake starts called?

• Epicenter

• Crust

• Focus or Hypocenter

• Mantle

Which layer of the Earth is made of hot, dense rock and lies beneath the crust?

• Crust

• Mantle

• Outer core

• Inner core

Why do P-waves travel faster in the mantle than in the crust?

• The mantle is cooler than the crust

• The mantle is less dense than the crust

• The mantle is denser, allowing P-waves to speed up

• The mantle contains more water

Which type of seismic wave causes the most damage to buildings and structures?

• P-waves

• S-waves

• Surface waves

• Mantle waves

Scientists use seismic waves to study the Earth's layers. What property of seismic waves helps them learn about these layers?

• The color of the waves

• The speed and direction changes as waves move through different materials

• The sound the waves make

• The temperature of the waves