What was the primary characteristic of the Market Revolution in the first half of the 19th century?

• The decline of agricultural production in favor of industrial growth.

• The linking of northern industries with western and southern farms through advancements in agriculture, industry, and transportation.

• A shift from a capitalist economy to a socialist system.

• The complete cessation of international trade due to protectionist policies.

What was a significant reason for the large-scale immigration of Irish people to the United States during this period?

• The promise of free land in the American West.

• Political persecution by the British government.

• Widespread hunger and starvation caused by the Irish Potato Famine.

• The opportunity to establish new religious communities.

Which of the following factors contributed to German immigration to the United States in the mid-19th century?

• The desire to escape religious persecution from the Catholic Church.

• Disillusionment with failed democratic revolutions and crop failures.

• The search for gold during the California Gold Rush.

• Recruitment efforts by American industrial factory owners.

How did the influx of European immigrants affect northern industries during the Market Revolution?

• It led to a decrease in industrial output due to cultural clashes.

• It provided an expanding pool of cheap labor for manufacturers.

• It resulted in a significant increase in wages for all workers.

• It caused a decline in the diversity of urban populations.

During the 1830s and 1840s, nativists often expressed negative stereotypes about immigrants. How were Catholics typically portrayed by nativists?

• As lazy and unwilling to work.

• As agents of the Pope seeking to undermine American culture.

• As avaricious and underhanded money-lenders.

• As a threat to the agricultural sector.

The expansion of industry and prosperity in the North during the Market Revolution led to the development of which social group?

• A new aristocratic elite.

• A large, impoverished working class.

• An emerging middle class.

• A decline in all social stratification.

Which of the following was a significant social marker for the emerging middle class in the North?

• Emphasis on manual labor and physical strength.

• Rejection of formal education and religious institutions.

• Adherence to temperance and Protestant religious affiliation.

• A focus on communal living and shared resources.

What was a key difference between the middle class and the laboring classes regarding their economic status?

• The middle class had more political power.

• The middle class had money to spend on leisure activities.

• The laboring classes had better access to education.

• The laboring classes owned more property.

The "Cult of Domesticity" promoted what ideal for women in the 19th century, particularly within the middle class?

• Women should pursue careers in public life and politics.

• Women's primary role was to manage the household, raise children, and provide a comforting home for their husbands.

• Women should be financially independent and self-sufficient.

• Women were expected to work alongside men in factories and fields.

What characterized the working conditions for women in factories like the Lowell Factory in Massachusetts?

• Short workdays and high wages.

• Flexible schedules and opportunities for advancement.

• Long hours, meager wages, and strict supervision over their lives.

• Independent work environments with minimal oversight.