Dysfunction in polycystin-1 affects cilia which serve in the kidney as __________. A. Producers of tubular fluid B. Regulators of glomerular filtration rate C. Mechanosensors of fluid flow D. Transporters of electrolytes E. Receptors for hormonal signaling

receptors of hormonal signaling

Islands of undifferentiated mesenchyme, often with cartilage, and immature collecting ducts define which kidney disorder

nephronophthisis-Medullary cystic disease

Medullary sponge kidney (tubular ectasia)

Most cases of _____ are associated with ureteropelvic obstruction, ureteral agenesis or atresia, and otehr anomalies of the lower urinary tract/

nephronophthisis-Medullary cystic disease

Medullary sponge kidney (tubular ectasia)

There is up to 100 fold increased risk of renal cell carcinoma in patients diagnosed with

nephronophthisis-Medullary cystic disease

Medullary sponge kidney (tubular ectasia)

cysts in _____ form as a result of obstruction of tubules by interstitial fibrosis or by oxalate crystals

nephronophthisis-Medullary cystic disease

Medullary sponge kidney (tubular ectasia)

What best explains the approximately fourfold higher incidence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in Black individuals compared to White individuals in the United States? A. Higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus B. Socioeconomic disparities in access to healthcare C. Increased rate of hypertension-related nephropathy D. High frequency of risk variants in the APOL1 gene E. Greater exposure to nephrotoxic medications

high frequency of risk variants of the APOL1 gene

higher prevalence of diabetes mellitis

socioeconomic disparities in access to healthcare

increase rate of hypertension related nephropathy

greater exposure to nephrotoxic medications

Benign neoplasm that arises from the intercalated cells of collecting ducts

renal cell carcinoma papillary type

Which of the following is associated with tuberous sclerosis

renal cell carcinoma papillary type

A central stellate scar provides a characteristic appearance on imaging studies

renal cell carcinoma papillary type

which of the following is associated with the loss of chromosomes 1 and Y

renal cell carcinoma papillary type

Which of the following is not a risk factor for renal cell carcinoma

environmental exposure to cadmium

65 percent of renal cell cancers are ________

chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

squamous carcinoma of the urinary bladder

Tend to have multiple bilateral growth patterns that contribute to early stage diagnosis of this tumer type

chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

squamous carcinoma of the urinary bladder

_____ often invades the renal vein

chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

squamous carcinoma of the urinary bladder

Can also occur in familial forms or in association with VHL disease

chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

squamous carcinoma of the urinary bladder

This malignancy has increased incidence with lynch syndrome

chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

squamous carcinoma of the urinary bladder

Perinuclear clearing is a helpful hint in the histology that is suggestive of what type of renal cancer

chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

squamous carcinoma of the urinary bladder

Defined by the presence of cytologically malignant cells within a flat urothelium

chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

squamous carcinoma of the urinary bladder

Common feature of _____ is a lack of cohesiveness, leading to shedding of malignant cells into the urine. If untreated, 50-75 percent will progress to invasive cancer.

chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

squamous carcinoma of the urinary bladder

Which of the following best explains how loss of the VHL (von Hippel–Lindau) tumor suppressor protein contributes to the development of clear cell renal cell carcinoma?

Loss of VHL prevents degradation of HIF-α subunits, resulting in overexpression of genes that promote angiogenesis and cell survival.

Loss of VHL leads to constitutive degradation of HIF-1α, reducing angiogenesis and promoting tumor necrosis.

Loss of VHL increases mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, causing hypoxia-independent apoptosis.

Loss of VHL decreases VEGF production, leading to poor vascularization and cystic degeneration of renal tissue.

What must happen to progress to Stage 3 cancer according to the TNM metastasis staging classification from the AJCC and UICC

Tumor involves veins or one or more lymph node

In addition to mutation in MET proto-oncogene, papillary renal cell carcinoma is also associated with

Deletions on chromosome 3, loss of VHL

A 60-year-old man presents with unintentional weight loss, intermittent fever, and a hematocrit of 58%. Imaging reveals a solid mass in the upper pole of the right kidney. He is diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma. Which of the following findings represent common extrarenal manifestations of this patient’s underlying disease?

hypertension and hydronephrosis

proteinuria and renal insufficiency

flank pain and costovertebral angle tenderness

A 68-year-old man with a 40-pack-year smoking history presents with painless gross hematuria. Cystoscopy reveals a papillary bladder tumor, and biopsy demonstrates urothelial carcinoma. Which of the following histopathologic findings is most strongly associated with a poor prognosis in this disease? A. Tumor limited to the urothelium (carcinoma in situ) B. Invasion into the lamina propria (subepithelial connective tissue) C. Invasion into the muscularis propria (detrusor muscle) D. Tumor confined to the mucosa with marked cellular atypia E. Presence of papillomatous architecture without invasion

Invasion into the muscularis propria (detrusor muscle)

Tumor limited to the urothelium (carcinoma in situ)

Invasion into the lamina propria (subepithelial connective tissue)

Tumor confined to the mucosa with marked cellular atypia

Presence of papillomatous architecture without invasion

Higher incidence in regions with endemic Schistosomal f

squamous carcinoma of the urinary bladder

adenocarcinoma of urinary bladder

Which of the following is NOT a radiographic feature of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) on ultrasound?

A) Tumor is nonspecific solid with varying echotexture

C) Tumor may be partially cystic or cystic with internal echotexture

D) Large tumors may distort renal contour and fat filled renal hilum

Renal day 2 Classes 3-6

Authored by Arielle Brooks

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following is a noninheritable form of cystic kidney disease

Juvenille nephronophthisis

tuberous sclerosis

von Hippel lindau

multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

ARPKD

MATCH QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Match the following

Juvenile nephronophthisis/mcd

Chromosomes 9 and 16

ARPKD

Chromosome 2

Tuberous sclerosis

Chromosome 3

ADPKD

Chromosomes 16 and 4

VHL

Chromosome 6

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which disorder of the kidneys is autosomal dominant

adult polycystic disease

childhood polycystic kidney disease

familial juvenile nephronophthisis

multicystic renal dysplasia

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

______ is the most common hereditary cause of ESRF and is characterized by multiple expanding cysts of both kidneys that ultimately destroy the renal parenchyma and cause renal failure

Multicystic dysplastic kidney

Tuberous sclerosis

ADPKD

ARPKD

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Chronic renal failure beginning at 40-60 years of age and berry aneurysms are characteristics of

ADPKD

ARPKD

Medullary sponge kidney

Multicystic renal dysplasia

acquired renal cystic disease

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Dull flank pain of variable severity, abdominal or flank masses, hematuria, hypertension and renal failure are associated with what renal disorder

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

Acute Kidney Injury

Chronic Kidney Disease

Nephrotic Syndrome

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What dysfunctional protein is most commonly associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)?
A. Fibrocystin
B. Nephrin
C. Polycystin-1
D. Polycystin-2
E. Podocin

Fibrocystin

Nephrin

polycystin-1

podocin

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

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Renal day 2 Classes 3-6

Which of the following is a noninheritable form of cystic kidney disease

Match the following

Which disorder of the kidneys is autosomal dominant

______ is the most common hereditary cause of ESRF and is characterized by multiple expanding cysts of both kidneys that ultimately destroy the renal parenchyma and cause renal failure

Chronic renal failure beginning at 40-60 years of age and berry aneurysms are characteristics of

Dull flank pain of variable severity, abdominal or flank masses, hematuria, hypertension and renal failure are associated with what renal disorder

What dysfunctional protein is most commonly associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)?A. FibrocystinB. NephrinC. Polycystin-1D. Polycystin-2E. Podocin

Dysfunction in polycystin-1 affects cilia which serve in the kidney as __________.A. Producers of tubular fluidB. Regulators of glomerular filtration rateC. Mechanosensors of fluid flowD. Transporters of electrolytesE. Receptors for hormonal signaling

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Popular Resources on Wayground

What dysfunctional protein is most commonly associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)?
A. Fibrocystin
B. Nephrin
C. Polycystin-1
D. Polycystin-2
E. Podocin

Dysfunction in polycystin-1 affects cilia which serve in the kidney as __________.
A. Producers of tubular fluid
B. Regulators of glomerular filtration rate
C. Mechanosensors of fluid flow
D. Transporters of electrolytes
E. Receptors for hormonal signaling