Test Review Questions Unit !

Evelyn, Abigail, and Emma are working on a science project about how plants and animals get their energy. The statement that would help them best compare the biochemical processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration is: (a)  

• Photosynthesis is the process of tr
• Photosynthesis is the process of tr
• Photosynthesis is the plant process
• Photosynthesis is the bacterial pro

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NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Noah, Abigail, and Liam are working together to help Vernon build a cool model of photosynthesis using the diagram below. The letters A, B, and C each stand for a mystery reactant or product in the process. Should water (H₂O) join the model as a reactant or product? If yes, where should it go?

• No, it should not be included

• Yes, as reactant A

• Yes, as product B

• Yes, as reactant C

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NGSS.HS-LS2-5

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

Elijah, David, and Nora set up a sealed terrarium with plants and small animals for a science experiment. After several days, they notice that the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels stay the same. The best conclusion that can be drawn about the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in their mini-ecosystem is that (a)  

• Photosynthesis and cellular respira
• Photosynthesis uses the oxygen prod
• Cellular respiration uses the oxyge
• Cellular respiration produces gluco

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NGSS.HS-LS2-5

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

David, Samuel, and Liam are on a science quest to discover how temperature and pH affect the super enzyme amylase, which breaks down starch. Here’s what they find: • At 37 °C and pH 7, the reaction zooms ahead. • At 60 °C, the reaction rate takes a nosedive. • At pH 3, the enzyme is almost asleep! Based on their adventure, which conclusion is best supported by their data?

• Enzymes work best at high temperatures and acidic pH levels.

• Extreme temperature or pH can change an enzyme’s shape, slowing or stopping its activity.

• Increasing temperature always increases enzyme activity.

• Enzymes permanently stop working once temperature or pH changes, even if normal conditions return.

Match each scenario with what will happen to the plant cell.

• Plant cell placed in a hypertonic solution

• It will swell

• Plant cell placed in an isotonic solution

• It will stay the same

• Plant cell placed in a hypotonic solution

• It will wilt

• Plant cell loses water and turgor pressure

• It will shrink

Liam and Scarlett are exploring how the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum work together to help the cell membrane keep everything balanced. Which of the following scenarios best shows this teamwork in action?

• Waste produced as a result of cellular respiration is packaged and stored for eventual release through active transport.

• Specific instructions code for the manufacturing of proteins, which are assembled and used as enzymes for the production of the cell’s energy.

• When transport vesicles are received, chemicals are modified: the resulting products are packaged for transport to other parts of the cell.

• Chemical messages are transported to all parts of the cell to signal the increase in protein synthesis and the excretion of excess water.

Match each plant tissue treatment with the structures that would MOST likely remain after the treatment.

• The plant tissue is left dehydrated, but all structures are still present.

• The cytoplasm and organelles were removed, leaving only the cell membrane and cell wall.

• Only the cell membrane and cell wall, made mostly of cellulose, proteins, and phospholipids, remain.

• The water inside the cell was allowed to evaporate.

• Chemical reactions in the cell are accelerated, but no structures are removed.

• Strong acids were used to break apart all macromolecules into their component monomers.

• Only the cytoplasm remains in the plant tissue.

• The organelles, cell membrane, and cell wall were removed, leaving only the cytoplasm.

• All macromolecules are broken down into monomers; no large structures remain.

• Enzymes were used to increase the rates of all chemical reactions in the cell.

Jackson and Avery are on a mission to learn about white blood cells! Which organelle, if any, must be present in these amazing defenders of the body?

• White blood cells must have cell walls to enable them to engulf damaged red blood cells and pathogens by phagocytosis.

• White blood cells must have chloroplasts to produce the energy the cells need to perform their functions.

• White blood cells must have a rough endoplasmic reticulum so that large molecules, such as antibodies, can be synthesized.

• White blood cells cannot have organelles because they are prokaryotic cells.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

James and Ethan are curious scientists! They each have a mystery cell sample: James has plant cells (Sample 1) and Ethan has red blood cells from an animal (Sample 2). After placing both samples in a hypotonic solution, they notice something interesting. Based on the diagram, which is the BEST explanation for how the plant cell structures help maintain homeostasis compared to the animal cell structures?

• The animal cell can't survive but the plant cell has a cell wall to protect the cell membrane, so it does not break.

• In the animal cell, the cell membrane protects the cell from breaking, but the plant cell has both a cell wall and cell membrane.

• The plant cell has a vacuole that holds the water and expands, preventing it from pushing against the cell membrane. The animal cell has a cell wall that breaks when too much water enters.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Level 2 Ethan and Anika are in the science lab, experimenting with red blood cells and different sodium chloride solutions. In one test tube, the red blood cells kept their normal shape, but in another, the cells swelled up and burst! The cells that stayed normal were in a state of homeostasis. Which process BEST explains what happened to the red blood cells that swelled and burst, and why?

• A. Salt diffused into the red blood cells and the higher concentration of salt caused the red blood cells to burst.

• B. Water diffused into the red blood cells by osmosis, and the higher concentration of water caused the red blood cells to burst.

• C. Salt was taken into the red blood cells by passive transport, and the higher concentration of salt caused the red blood cells to burst.

• D. Water was taken into the red blood cells by active transport, and the higher concentration of water caused the red blood cells to burst.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-3