Entropy and Gibbs Free Energy Concepts

What does the Second Law of Thermodynamics say about spontaneous processes?

• They decrease the disorder of the universe.

• They increase the disorder of the universe.

• They always happen very quickly.

• They require an outside source of energy.

When you eat lunch and then clean your house, what happens to the overall disorder of the universe?

• It decreases because your house becomes tidy.

• It stays the same, as order is just moved around.

• It increases because the lunch molecules become disordered and energy is released as heat.

• It only increases if you use machines to clean.

What is entropy a measure of?

• The amount of heat in a system.

• The speed of a chemical reaction.

• Molecular randomness or disorder.

• The energy needed to create order.

In chemistry, what does it mean for a process to be spontaneous?

• It happens suddenly and without warning.

• It does not need an outside source of energy to continue.

• It always creates a lot of heat.

• It makes things more organized.

What does a positive change in entropy mean for a chemical reaction?

• The products are more organized than the reactants.

• The products are more mixed up than the reactants.

• The reaction released heat.

• The reaction absorbed heat.

What does Gibbs Free Energy measure in a system?

• The total amount of heat.

• The amount of energy available to do useful work.

• How much the system is organized.

• The speed at which a reaction happens.

What two main factors determine the useful energy a reaction can provide?

• The amount of heat transferred and the change in disorder.

• The color change and the smell of the chemicals.

• The size of the containers and the amount of light.

• The number of steps in the reaction and its duration.

If a chemical reaction has a negative Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG°), what does this tell us about the reaction?

• It will not happen on its own.

• It is balanced and not changing.

• It will happen on its own without needing extra energy.

• It needs a lot of heat to start.