Historical Contributions to Science and Mathematics

Which imaginary line on Earth is used as the primary reference for longitude and runs through Europe?

• Equator

• Tropic of Cancer

• Prime Meridian

• International Date Line

What type of material was commonly used by early humans to create tools like spear and arrowheads?

• Soft clay

• Brittle stones like flint and obsidian

• Flexible wood

• Malleable metals

Which ancient civilization had advanced sewer systems thousands of years before medieval Europe?

• Ancient Egypt

• Roman Empire

• Indus Valley Civilization

• Mesopotamian Civilization

What was the approximate life expectancy for Europeans during the Roman Empire?

• 15 years

• 28 years

• 30 years

• 45 years

Which Muslim scholar wrote "The Canon of Medicine," a widely used medical textbook for centuries?

• Ibn Rushd

• Ibn Sina

• Al-Khwarizmi

• Maimonides

The Islamic Empire adopted which mathematical concept from India, which is fundamental to our number system today?

• The concept of infinity

• The use of fractions

• The number zero

• The Pythagorean theorem

What engineering feat in Cordoba helped provide clean drinking water to the city?

• Advanced irrigation canals

• Aqueducts

• Underground wells

• Rainwater harvesting systems

What mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal, first documented by the Chinese, became a significant historical invention?

• Cement

• Glass

• Gunpowder

• Paper