Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Worksheet

If a community living on a steep slope in Baguio participates in a program to reinforce their houses and plant vetiver grass to stabilize the soil, which component of the Risk formula (R = H x V / C) are they primarily addressing?

• They are eliminating the hazard from their environment.

• They are reducing their exposure to the potential landslide.

• They are decreasing their vulnerability to the landslide hazard.

• They are increasing their capacity to cope with an earthquake.

The 1990 Luzon earthquake caused significant damage in Baguio. According to the definition provided, this event became a "disaster" primarily because:

• It was a high-magnitude seismic event that occurred naturally.

• The city's infrastructure and population were vulnerable to its effects.

• PHIVOLCS was unable to predict the exact time of the earthquake.

• It was immediately followed by a series of smaller aftershocks.

RA 10121 mandates the creation of Local DRRM Offices (LDRRMOs). The primary rationale for decentralizing DRRM responsibilities to the local level is based on the understanding that:

• National government agencies are too slow to respond to any disaster.

• Local Governments are the first responders and understand local risks best.

• Civil Society Organizations are incapable of managing large-scale operations.

• International aid can only be channeled through local government units.

Based on the data from Super Typhoon Pepeng, a significant number of casualties in the CAR region were due to landslides. An analysis of this event suggests that a key vulnerability factor was:

• The high wind speed of the typhoon, which exceeded 195 kph.

• The dense population living in high-risk, landslide-prone areas.

• The lack of accurate tracking for the typhoon's path and intensity.

• The absence of a national agency responsible for weather forecasting.

The "Paradigm Shift" introduced by RA 10121 can be best described as a move from:

• A focus on disaster response to a focus on disaster risk reduction.

• A community-based approach to a fully centralized command system.

• An emphasis on hazard monitoring to an emphasis on relief distribution.

• A scientific assessment of risks to a reliance on historical disaster data.

Baguio CDRRMC lists "Legal Proactive" as a lesson learned. This lesson is most directly operationalized in RA 10121 through:

• The provision for declaring a State of Calamity after a major disaster.

• The requirement for LGUs to formulate and implement Local DRRM Plans.

• The imposition of price ceilings on basic goods during emergencies.

• The establishment of a national fund for disaster response and relief.

If the Baguio City DRRMC conducts a city-wide risk assessment and identifies a specific barangay as highly vulnerable to flooding due to poor drainage and low-income housing, the subsequent DRRM Plan should prioritize:

• Relocating the entire barangay to a different city immediately.

• Investing solely in high-tech early warning systems for earthquakes.

• Initiatives that reduce vulnerability, such as drainage improvement and livelihood programs.

• Stockpiling relief goods for post-flood distribution in that area.

The National DRRM Framework (NDRRMF) is significant because it provides:

• A specific annual budget for each local government unit's DRRM projects.

• A definitive list of all natural hazards that will affect the Philippines.

• The principal guide for all DRRM efforts across different sectors and levels.

• The legal authority for the President to suspend habeas corpus during disasters.

The Hyogo Framework for Action is important to the Philippine DRRM system because it:

• Provided the international legal basis for the Philippines to seek foreign aid.

• Was the model for the reactive disaster management system of PD 1566.

• Introduced the core principle of shifting focus to proactive risk reduction.

• Mandated the creation of the City Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council.

In the context of RA 10121, the "community" is considered:

• Solely as victims who require assistance during and after a disaster.

• Passive recipients of policies and plans created by national agencies.

• Both as potential disaster victims and as active agents of change.

• The primary source of funding for national disaster recovery efforts.