Protestant Reformation Key Concepts

What was the dominant form of Christianity in Europe before the Protestant Reformation?

• Roman Catholicism

• Eastern Orthodoxy

• Protestantism

• Anglicanism

What was a significant long-term effect of the Protestant Reformation?

• Decreased European literacy

• Increased power of the Pope

• Governments granting religious freedoms

• Unification of Western Christendom

What was Martin Luther's main belief about how salvation is achieved?

• Through good works and sacraments

• Through faith alone

• Through pilgrimages and relics

• Through confession to a priest

How did the invention of the printing press contribute to the spread of Martin Luther's ideas?

• It allowed him to travel more easily

• It made his writings more expensive

• It enabled his ideas to reach a wider audience

• It helped him to become a monk

What was an immediate consequence of Martin Luther's idea that everyone could interpret scripture directly?

• It led to a unified understanding of religious truth across Europe.

• It resulted in the immediate end of all religious conflicts.

• It caused the formation of many different Protestant denominations with varied interpretations.

• It strengthened the authority of the Catholic Church.

What was Martin Luther's stance on the German Peasants' Revolt?

• He fully supported the peasants' demands for social and economic equality.

• He encouraged the peasants to fight for their religious freedom but not for social change.

• He sided with the princes and urged them to violently suppress the rebellion.

• He remained neutral, believing it was a political matter outside of religious doctrine.

Besides religious belief, what was a significant reason some European princes adopted Protestantism?

• To gain more political power and wealth by seizing church assets.

• To form stronger alliances with the Holy Roman Emperor.

• To promote peace and unity across their territories.

• To establish democratic governments.

How is the Protestant Reformation best described?

• Solely as a religious movement focused on spiritual salvation.

• Primarily as a political movement to challenge monarchical power.

• As both a religious movement seeking belief reform and a political movement impacting power structures.

• As a social movement aimed at establishing complete equality among all people.