What two gases make up almost 99% of Earth's atmosphere?

• Carbon Dioxide and Methane

• Oxygen and Argon

• Nitrogen and Oxygen

• Helium and Hydrogen

Which of the following lists the layers of Earth's atmosphere in order from closest to the surface to farthest away?

• Stratosphere, Troposphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere

• Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere

• Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Troposphere, Thermosphere

• Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Troposphere

What is the main role of the ozone layer in the stratosphere?

• To create weather patterns

• To absorb harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays

• To make the air denser

• To reflect all sunlight back into space

What type of energy transfer brings heat and warmth from the sun to Earth's surface?

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

• Evaporation

What happens to some of the sun's radiant energy when it first enters Earth's atmosphere?

• It is entirely reflected back into space by clouds.

• It is absorbed by atmospheric gases and scattered by particles.

• It immediately heats the Earth's surface without any interaction.

• It changes its wavelength as it passes through the air.

Which type of surface would reflect the most solar energy back into space?

• A black asphalt road.

• A dark forest.

• A field of fresh snow.

• A calm ocean surface.

Which process describes the transfer of heat through direct physical contact between objects?

• Convection

• Radiation

• Conduction

• Evaporation

What is the main way that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane affect Earth's temperature?

• They block all incoming solar radiation from reaching the surface.

• They absorb long-wave radiation from Earth and send it back to the surface.

• They cool the Earth's atmosphere by reflecting heat into space.

• They convert solar energy directly into chemical energy for plants.