Which of the following was a direct consequence of Martin Luther's 95 Theses?

• The establishment of the Church of England

• The beginning of the Protestant Reformation

• The end of the Holy Roman Empire

• The Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy

Which treaty, signed in 1648, is often credited with establishing the modern system of nation-states in Europe?

• The Peace of Westphalia

• The Treaty of Versailles

• The Peace of Augsburg

• The Treaty of Utrecht

One of the main goals of the Counter Reformation was to:

• Reaffirm traditional Catholic beliefs

• Encourage the spread of Protestantism

• Reduce the influence of the Pope

• Support religious tolerance for all faiths

Which of the following was NOT a result of the Protestant Reformation?

• Increased literacy rates

• Religious wars in Europe

• The spread of Catholicism in Northern Europe

• The establishment of Protestant churches

The Edict of Nantes (1598) granted religious tolerance to which group in France?

• Catholics

• Protestants (Huguenots)

• Jews

• Muslims

Which English monarch established the Church of England in protest to the marital policies of the Roman Catholic Church?

• Henry VIII

• Elizabeth I

• Mary I

• Edward VI

One of the major causes of the English Civil War was:

• conflict between the monarchy and Parliament

• the discovery of the New World

• the spread of the Protestant Reformation

• the signing of the Magna Carta

Which of the following was a reason for the convening of The Council of Trent (1545–1563)?

• to address Protestant criticisms and reform the Catholic Church

• to establish new Protestant doctrines

• to form an alliance with the Ottoman Empire

• to promote religious tolerance

Which of the following was a key feature of the Baroque art style?

• Emphasis on simplicity and symmetry

• Use of bright colors and dramatic contrasts

• Focus on religious themes and emotional intensity

• Depiction of everyday life

Which of the following was a result of the Peace of Westphalia?

• Recognition of Protestantism in the Holy Roman Empire

• The permanent dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire

• The establishment of the Church of England as the dominant religion in Europe

• The reunification of Europe under Catholicism