External Exam 2024

Least developed

More developed

Newly industrialized

Highly urbanized

Because they have negative natural increase and rely on immigration to maintain population.

Because they have high birth rates and low death rates.

Because they have high emigration and low immigration.

Because they have rapid urbanization and industrialization.

India; it was ranked 2nd in 1990 and 2022, but is projected to be 1st in 2050.

China; it was ranked 1st in 1990 and 2022, and is projected to remain 1st in 2050.

USA; it was ranked 3rd in all years.

Nigeria; it was ranked 10th in 1990 and is projected to be 1st in 2050.

Nigeria; it moves from 10th in 1990 to 4th in 2022 and 3rd in 2050.

Japan; it moves from 7th in 1990 to out of the top 10 in 2050.

Brazil; it remains in the top 10 but drops in ranking.

Russian Federation; it remains in the top 10 but drops in ranking.

Queensland

New South Wales

Victoria

Western Australia

Queensland

South Australia

Victoria

Western Australia

It allows for the comparison of positive and negative values clearly

It is the only type of graph available

It does not require axis labels

It is easier to draw than other graphs

Maintaining a workforce

Ensuring adequate housing to accommodate additional people

Economic decline

Decreasing urban sprawl

Urban sprawl

Maintaining a workforce

Increased housing demand

Increased transport infrastructure

Population momentum is the immediate decline in population after fertility rates drop, causing rapid aging of the population.

Population momentum is the continued growth of a population after fertility rates fall below replacement level, due to the age structure and number of women in reproductive age.

Population momentum is the increase in birth rates due to government incentives, regardless of age structure.

Population momentum is the reduction in population growth caused by increased mortality rates in older age groups.