Personalized Medicine and Drug Delivery

What is the main idea behind personalized medicine?

• Treating all patients with the same standard medication.

• Combining a person's genetic information with clinical data to tailor treatment.

• Developing new drugs through random experimentation.

• Using only natural remedies for all illnesses.

Which three scientific fields are essential for understanding problems, finding solutions, and delivering treatments in medicine?

• Astronomy, Geology, Meteorology

• Biology, Chemistry, Physics

• Mathematics, Computer Science, Engineering

• Sociology, Psychology, Anthropology

What is the modern approach to drug development that begins by identifying proteins related to a condition and then finding molecules that interact with them?

• Classical pharmacology

• Random screening

• Reverse pharmacology

• Natural remedy extraction

What is a significant challenge with traditional syringe-based drug delivery, especially for specialized medicines?

• The needles are too painful for patients.

• Syringes are difficult to manufacture in large quantities.

• Lubricants in syringes can react with the medicine, reducing effectiveness.

• Syringes cannot deliver drugs to specific organs.

What is the primary goal of tissue engineering?

• To develop new surgical techniques for organ transplantation.

• To create novel biomaterials for repairing or replacing damaged body tissues.

• To genetically modify cells to resist diseases.

• To improve diagnostic imaging technologies.

What is a significant drawback of conventional cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation?

• They are too expensive for most patients.

• They often damage healthy cells in addition to cancerous ones.

• They are ineffective against most types of cancer.

• They require lengthy recovery periods in hospitals.

What is a key difference between microparticles and nanoparticles in drug delivery within the body?

• Microparticles are used for localized delivery and cannot enter capillaries, while nanoparticles can circulate throughout the body and enter capillaries.

• Nanoparticles are larger than microparticles and cannot enter capillaries.

• Microparticles are designed to be attacked by white blood cells, unlike nanoparticles.

• Nanoparticles are primarily made of starch, whereas microparticles are not.

How do microbubbles facilitate targeted drug delivery, particularly for cancer treatment?

• They are naturally attracted to cancerous cells and release drugs upon contact.

• They are filled with gas and release chemotherapy drugs when burst by targeted ultrasound waves.

• They are designed to be absorbed by the immune system, which then carries the drugs to tumors.

• They create a protective barrier around healthy cells, preventing chemotherapy from harming them.