Which of the following is mainly mediated by an ionic bond?

Phospho-tyrosine and SH2 domain association

Growth factor & Receptor Tyrosine Kinase association

Which of the following is not a feature commonly observed in α helices?

one helical turn every 3.6 amino acids

amino acid side chains that point outward

In a DNA double helix, ___

the two DNA strands run antiparallel.

the two DNA strands are identical.

The N-terminal tail of histone H3 can be extensively modified, and depending on the number, location, and combination of these modifications, these changes may promote the formation of heterochromatin. What is the result of heterochromatin formation?

recruitment of remodeling complexes

Methylation and acetylation are common changes made to histone H3, and the specific combination of these changes is sometimes referred to as the “histone code.” Which of the following patterns will probably lead to gene silencing?

lysine 4 methylation and lysine 9 acetylation

lysine 9 acetylation and lysine 14 acetylation

22. Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which chromatin- remodeling complexes “loosen” the DNA wrapped around the core histones?

They use energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to change the relative position of the DNA and the core histone octamer.

They chemically modify the DNA, changing the affinity between the histone octamer and the DNA.

They remove histone H1 from the linker DNA adjacent to the core histone octamer.

They chemically modify core histones to alter the affinity between the histone octamer and the DNA.

RNA in cells differs from DNA in that ___.

it is single-stranded and can fold up into a variety of structures.

it contains the base uracil, which pairs with cytosine.

it is single-stranded and cannot form base pairs.

the sugar ribose contains fewer oxygen atoms than does deoxyribose.

Transcription is similar to DNA replication in that ___.

nucleotide polymerization occurs only in the 5'-to-3' direction.

an RNA transcript is synthesized discontinuously and the pieces are then joined together.

it uses the same enzyme as that used to synthesize RNA primers during DNA replication.

the newly synthesized RNA remains paired to the template DNA.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Unlike DNA, RNA uses an uracil base and a deoxyribose sugar.

A new RNA molecule can begin to be synthesized from a gene before the previous RNA molecule’s synthesis is completed.

If two genes are to be expressed in a cell, these two genes can be transcribed with different efficiencies.

RNA polymerase is responsible for both unwinding the DNA helix and catalyzing the formation of the phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

RNA polymerase adds bases in a 3'-to-5' direction; DNA polymerase adds bases in a 5'-to-3' direction.

RNA polymerase can start making a new RNA molecule without a primer; DNA polymerase cannot.

RNA polymerase does not proofread its work; DNA polymerase does.

RNA polymerase catalyzes the linkage of ribonucleotides while DNA polymerase catalyzes the linkage of deoxyribonucleotides.

Which one of the following is the main reason that a typical eukaryotic gene is able to respond to a far greater variety of regulatory signals than a typical prokaryotic gene or operon?

The transcription of a eukaryotic gene can be influenced by proteins that bind far from the promoter.

Eukaryotes have three types of RNA polymerase.

Eukaryotic RNA polymerases require general transcription factors.

Prokaryotic genes are packaged into nucleosomes.

Which of the following does not occur before a eukaryotic mRNA is exported from the nucleus?

The ribosome binds to the mRNA.

The mRNA is polyadenylated at its 3' end.

A guanine nucleotide with a methyl group is added to the 5' end of the mRNA.

30. The correct statement about the genetic code is correct?

All codons specify more than one amino acid.

Most of the genetic code is redundant.

All amino acids are specified by more than one codon.

All codons specify an amino acid.

A neuron and a white blood cell have very different functions. For example, a neuron can receive and respond to electrical signals, while a white blood cell defends the body against infection. This is because ___

the neuron expresses some mRNAs that the white blood cell does not.

all of the proteins found in a neuron are completely different from the proteins found in a white blood cell.

the neuron and the white blood cell within an individual have the same genome.

neurons and white blood cells are differentiated cells and thus no longer need to transcribe and translate genes.

The distinct characteristics of different cell types in a multicellular organism result mainly from the differential regulation of the ___.

transcription of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II.

transcription of housekeeping genes.

proteins that directly bind the TATA box of eukaryotic genes.

Approximately how many such genes does the typical differentiated human cell express at any one time?

between 18,900 and 21,000—at least 90% of the genes

Which of the following statements about differentiated cells is TRUE?

Some of the proteins found in differentiated cells are found in all cells of a multicellular organism.

Cells of distinct types express nonoverlapping sets of transcription regulators.

Once a cell has differentiated, it can no longer change its gene expression.

Once a cell has differentiated, it will no longer need to transcribe RNA.

Which of the following statements about transcriptional regulators is FALSE?

Transcription regulators interact only with the sugar-phosphate backbone on the outside of the double helix to determine where to bind on the DNA helix.

Transcription regulators will form hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions with DNA.

The DNA-binding motifs of transcription regulators usually bind in the major groove of the DNA helix.

The binding of transcription regulators generally does not disrupt the hydrogen bonds that hold the double helix together.

miRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs all ___

are packaged with other proteins to form RISC.

form base pairs with mRNA molecules.

are produced from a precursor miRNA transcript.

control gene expression by base-pairing with DNA sequences.

can degrade RNAs by using their intrinsic catalytic activity.

Which of the following statements about miRNAs is FALSE?

miRNAs are produced from rRNAs.

One miRNA can regulate the expression of many genes.

miRNAs are transcribed in the nucleus from genomic DNA.

miRNAs are made by RNA polymerase.

Which of the following statements about RNAi is TRUE?

RNAi is induced when double-stranded, foreign RNA is present in the cell.

The RNAi mechanism is found only in plants and animals.

RISC uses the siRNA duplex to locate complementary foreign RNA molecules.

siRNAs bind to miRNAs to induce RNAi.

Which one of the followings proteins contains a single Transmembrane (TM) region?

Growth factor receptor (Receptor Tyrosine Kinase)

Which of the following events is necessary for establishing lipid anchor of a membrane protein on the extracellular side?

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor

Some proteins are almost as mobile as lipids, whereas others are virtually immobile. Which of the following proteins would be the fastest moving membrane protein?

Bacterial rhodopsin a 7-TM protein

fibronectin, a peripheral glycoprotein that interacts with the extracellular matrix.

E-Cadherin at the cell-cell junction linked to the F-Actin

Which of the following statement on SRP (Signal Recognition Particle) is NOT true?

SRP binding to the start transfer sequence will inhibit the Ribosome binding to the ER

An ER signal sequence and an SRP direct a ribosome to the SRP Receptor on the ER membrane.

SRP binding to the ER signal sequence on a Ribosome pauses translation

SRP receptor localizes on the ER membrane

Which of the following is one of the features of RPTK?

an intracellular ligand binding domain

Which of the following type of molecules associate with activated RPTK?

an SH2 domain containing adaptor protein

MAP Kinase stands for ___?

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase

Mitochondrial Associated Protein Kinase

Microtubule Assembly Protein Kinase

PCB 4023 Practice Exam 1

Authored by Carolina Lugo

Science

University

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Despite the diversity, cells resemble each other to an astonishing degree in their chemistry. For example, only four _____ are used to make DNA.

dNTP

NTP

amino acid

monosaccharide

fatty acid

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The _____ is made up of two concentric membranes and is continuous with the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.

nuclear envelope

plasma membrane

Golgi network

mitochondrial membrane

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Ionic bonds form a ___.

Salt

Molecule

Polymer

Lipid bilayer

The side chain of the amino acid R under pH 7 is ___.

Nonpolar

Negatively charged

Positively charged

Polar but uncharged

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following amino acid side chain can be phosphorylated by a protein kinase?

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Hydrogen bonds are essential to form a(n) _____

alpha-helix

lipid bilayer

salt

polypeptide

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following protein is necessary to stop a mitogenic signaling by dissociating a SH2 domain containing protein (Grb2) from phosphorylated Growth factor receptor?

a lipid kinase

a protein kinase

a lipid phosphatase

a protein phosphatase

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PCB 4023 Practice Exam 1

Despite the diversity, cells resemble each other to an astonishing degree in their chemistry. For example, only four _____ are used to make DNA.

The _____ is made up of two concentric membranes and is continuous with the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Ionic bonds form a ___.

The side chain of the amino acid R under pH 7 is ___.

Which of the following amino acid side chain can be phosphorylated by a protein kinase?

Hydrogen bonds are essential to form a(n) _____

Which of the following protein is necessary to stop a mitogenic signaling by dissociating a SH2 domain containing protein (Grb2) from phosphorylated Growth factor receptor?

Which of the following is mainly mediated by an ionic bond?

Protein A binds to protein B to form a complex, AB. At equilibrium in a cell, A, B, and AB concentrations are all at 10 nM. Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction A + B ↔ AB

Choose an example of a motor protein.

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