What determines the primary structure of a protein?

• The folding into alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets

• The sequence of amino acids

• The 3D shape formed by R-group interactions

• The arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains

Which type of bond is primarily responsible for forming the alpha helix and beta-pleated sheet structures in proteins?

• Ionic bonds

• Disulfide bonds

• Hydrogen bonds

• Peptide bonds

What part of an amino acid primarily influences the complex three-dimensional folding of a protein's tertiary structure?

• The amino group

• The carboxyl group

• The R group (side chain)

• The peptide bond

What happens to a protein when it is exposed to conditions outside its ideal temperature or pH range?

• It undergoes phosphorylation, becoming more active

• It forms additional peptide bonds, strengthening its structure

• It denatures, losing its specific shape and function

• It spontaneously refolds into a more stable configuration