ABE Lab 2: What Do You Already Know?

The structure of a DNA molecule is best described as:

• A double helix composed of two strands held together by base pairs

• A single strand of amino acids folded into a helix

• A triple helix made of three intertwined strands

• A circular molecule with no base pairing

DNA from different organisms is the same in some ways and varies in others. Which statement best describes this?

• The structure of DNA is the same in all organisms, but the sequence of bases varies.

• The structure and sequence of DNA are identical in all organisms.

• DNA from different organisms has completely different chemical components.

• Only plants and animals have similar DNA, while bacteria have a different type.

It is possible for a bacterial cell to make a human protein from the instructions encoded in a human gene because:

• the genetic code is universal, allowing bacteria to read and express human genes.

• bacteria naturally produce all human proteins without genetic modification.

• human genes are only expressed in human cells, not in bacteria.

• bacterial cells have the same organelles as human cells for protein production.

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Scientists use two biological tools to engineer organisms to make new proteins: plasmids and restriction enzymes. What is the role of these tools?

• Plasmids carry new genes and restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sites.

• Plasmids cut DNA and restriction enzymes carry new genes.

• Both plasmids and restriction enzymes break down proteins.

• Plasmids and restriction enzymes are used only for energy production.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

What are the two forms of DNA carried by bacteria?

• A) Chromosomal DNA and Plasmid DNA

• B) Messenger RNA and Transfer RNA

• C) Chromosomal RNA and Plasmid RNA

• D) Transfer DNA and Messenger DNA

Fill in the blank: Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules, ranging in size from ______ to ______ base pairs.

• 1,000 to 200,000

• 10,000 to 2,000,000

• 100 to 2,000

• 5,000 to 50,000

Some bacteria carry as many as 500 plasmids in each cell.

• True

• False

What is the function of the ori ("origin of replication") site in plasmids?

• It binds RNA polymerase

• It is where DNA replication begins

• It encodes for flagella

• It is where transcription ends

Fill in the blank: The ability to initiate transcription requires a specific sequence called the ______ sequence.

• promoter

• operator

• enhancer

• terminator

Which of the following is NOT always present in bacterial cells?

• Chromosomal DNA

• Plasmid DNA

• Flagella