The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1° Celsius is a:

None of the answer choices are correct.

An example (or examples) of potential energy is/are:

chemical bonds and concentration gradients.

Which statement is not part of the first law of thermodynamics?

Any energy transformation loses some energy to its surroundings as heat.

Energy can be converted to other forms of energy.

Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

The amount of energy in the universe is constant.

None of the answer choices are correct.

An endergonic reaction is a reaction that is characterized by

often having higher energy in product molecules than the reactants, and yielding larger product molecules.

yielding larger product molecules than the original reactants.

yielding smaller product molecules than the original reactants.

having products with lower energy than the reactants.

The breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water is an example of:

Exergonic reaction in cellular respiration.

Endergonic reaction in photosynthesis.

Endergonic reaction in cellular respiration.

Exergonic reaction in photosynthesis.

Endergonic or exergonic reaction, depending on the step.

Coupled reactions are reactions in which:

Exergonic reaction drives an endergonic reaction.

Endergonic reaction drives a spontaneous reaction.

Exergonic or endergonic reaction provides products not used for other reactions.

Exergonic reaction drives a spontaneous reaction.

Endergonic reaction drives an exergonic reaction.

The process of phosphorylation:

All of the answer choices are correct.

May change the shape of the target molecule.

May energize the target molecule.

Removes a phosphate group from a molecule.

Adds a phosphate group to a molecule.

an organic molecule that catalyzes a chemical reaction.

not necessary to sustain life in a cell.

Enzymes speed chemical reactions by:

lowering the energy required to start a chemical reaction.

maintaining chemical equilibrium.

raising the temperature of the surroundings.

supplying energy to the reaction process.

lowering the amount of reactants that are needed.

Competitive inhibition of enzymes occurs:

when a substance other than the substrate binds at the active site of an enzyme.

by blocking the production of an enzyme.

when a substance binds to an enzyme at a site away from the active site.

when the product, instead of the reactant, of a reaction binds to the active site.

when the product, or other substances, instead of the reactant, bind to the active site of the enzyme.

Noncompetitive inhibition of enzymes occurs:

when a substance binds to an enzyme at a site away from the active site.

when a substance other than the substrate binds at the active site of an enzyme.

by blocking the production of an enzyme.

when a cofactor, instead of a reactant, binds to the enzyme active site.

Determine which of these statements best summarizes the cellular regulation of concentration gradients:

Membrane phospholipids and proteins regulate transport functions to establish concentration gradients or equilibria.

Enzymes are used in the cell to build molecules on one side of membranes to establish concentration gradients.

The cellular regulations require large amounts of energy to maintain equilibrium of materials.

Passive and active transport both function with transport proteins to move materials across the cell membranes.

cannot occur without a membrane present.

moves molecules against a concentration gradient.

Which of the following is the correct term for the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

A process that always requires proteins.

If a cell has a greater concentration of solute than its environment, the cell:

Is hypertonic to the environment.

Will not experience a net gain or loss of water.

Is hypotonic to the environment.

Is isotonic to the environment.

If the environment surrounding a cell has a lower concentration of solute than the cell, the:

Environment is hypotonic to the cell.

Environment is isotonic to the cell.

Cell will not experience a net gain or loss of water.

Environment is hypertonic to the cell.

If a cell has a 95% concentration of water in its cytoplasm and the environment surrounding the cell has a 90% concentration of water, water will flow:

Out of the cell by active transport.

Into the cell by active transport.

Into the cell by facilitated diffusion.

Turgor pressure in plant cells is:

All of the answer choices are correct.

a result of the walled cell being in a hypotonic environment.

necessary to keep plants from wilting.

the force of water against the inside of the cell wall.

Much medical advice towards heart health indicates that you should eat less sodium (table salt). Notable higher risks of high sodium may include high blood pressure and damage to arteries or organs in your body. If you eat a single meal with large amounts of salt to suit your taste, which of these may result within minutes, as the sodium enters your bloodstream?

Your blood will become hypertonic, and water in your body tissues will flow into your arteries, inflating them.

You should expect no change in the concentration gradient because of a single meal, rather than lifestyle and diet.

Simple diffusion of water and sodium will both balance in an isotonic condition between arteries and body tissues.

Your blood will become hypotonic, and water in your body tissues will flow into your arteries, inflating them.

Your blood will become hypotonic, and water in your arteries will flow into your tissues, inflating them.

Active transport is different from simple diffusion in that active transport

All of the answer choices are correct.

requires transport proteins embedded within the cell membrane.

moves molecules against a concentration gradient.

moves molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.

If you drop a rubber ball, it doesn't bounce back to the height you dropped it from. This is consistent with:

The second law of thermodynamics

Conversion of kinetic energy into potential energy

Conversion of kinetic energy into entropy

The first law of thermodynamics

Conversion of entropy into potential energy

The CFTR is a normal membrane protein used to move chloride ions out of a cell by active transport. This is an example of:

A reaction coupled with the hydrolysis of ATP

A reaction coupled with the production of ATP

Once ATP donates its phosphate to a coupled reaction, it becomes ADP. The ADP:

can be recharged in an endergonic reaction to form ATP.

becomes the needed potential energy source for another coupled reaction.

can be recharged in an oxidation reaction to form ATP.

can be recharged in an exergonic reaction to form ATP

A bowl of sugar water is very stable. In a cell, however, it is rapidly broken down into carbon dioxide and water, releasing stored energy. What is the best explanation for this observation?

Enzymes in the cell catalyze the breakdown of the glucose.

Glucose becomes more chemically reactive inside of a cell.

Glucose cannot be broken down outside of a cell.

Cells use energy to break down the glucose.

Glucose is only broken down while dissolving into a watery solution, such as inside the cell.

Phenylalanine hydrolase is an enzyme produced by the liver to break down the amino acid phenylalanine. Why would phenylalanine accumulate in patients with phenylketonuria?

They lack the enzyme to break down phenylalanine.

They produce too much phenylalanine.

They lack the enzyme to produce phenylalanine.

They lack an inhibitor of the enzyme to break down phenylalanine.

One way to produce a vaccine is to heat a virus or bacteria and then inject the inactive pathogen as a vaccination. How would the heat inactivate a virus?

by blocking facilitated diffusion

All of the answer choices are correct.

Simple diffusion occurs naturally as it ___ of a system.

All of the answer choices are correct.

Of these membrane transport processes, which do/does not make use of a vesicle?

neither osmosis nor facilitated diffusion

What membrane transport process requires membrane proteins?

All of the answer choices are correct.

The electric field emitted by the gold-lined knifefish can be increased rapidly through the:

Exocytosis of sodium-potassium pumps to the cell membrane.

Endocytosis of sodium-potassium pumps from the cell membrane.

Passive transport of sodium across the cell membrane.

Osmosis of water out of the knifefish’s cells.

Movement of electrons along an electron transport chain.

CHAP 4 REVIEW

Authored by christina christina

Science

University

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69 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A raw peanut with almost 2 Calories of energy has 2,000 times the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram water by 1°C.

True

False

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Your body begins a shivering response when you are cold. Rubbing your hands together produces a small amount of heat, which is evidence of increasing entropy.

True

False

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Each protein in an electron transport chain is sequentially oxidized, then reduced, allowing small amounts of energy to be released for use by the cell during each transfer.

True

False

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Cofactors, required to stabilize enzymes, are often in our diets as vitamins, minerals, and metals.

True

False

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Whenever ATP is produced by a chemical reaction, some energy is lost into the surroundings as heat.

True

False

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The first and second laws of thermodynamics apply to nonliving systems like gasoline engines but do not apply to reactions in living cells.

True

False

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Exergonic reactions do not require activation energy to get started.

True

False

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CHAP 4 REVIEW

A raw peanut with almost 2 Calories of energy has 2,000 times the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram water by 1°C.

Your body begins a shivering response when you are cold. Rubbing your hands together produces a small amount of heat, which is evidence of increasing entropy.

Each protein in an electron transport chain is sequentially oxidized, then reduced, allowing small amounts of energy to be released for use by the cell during each transfer.

Cofactors, required to stabilize enzymes, are often in our diets as vitamins, minerals, and metals.

Whenever ATP is produced by a chemical reaction, some energy is lost into the surroundings as heat.

The first and second laws of thermodynamics apply to nonliving systems like gasoline engines but do not apply to reactions in living cells.

Exergonic reactions do not require activation energy to get started.

Reduction is the gain of electrons by an atom or molecule.

An enzyme is a lipid that catalyzes chemical reactions.

When an end product of a reaction pathway is in excess and inhibits the first enzyme of the pathway, this is an example of positive feedback.

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