Which of the following has bacteriochlorophylls and uses alcohols for carbon?

• chemoautotroph

• chemoheterotroph

• photoautotroph

• photoheterotroph

Consider a culture medium on which only gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus colonies can grow due to an elevated NaCl level. A yellow halo surrounds the growth, indicating the bacterium fermented a sugar in the medium, decreasing the pH as a result and changing the color of a pH indicator chemical. This type of medium would be referred to as a(n)

•  selective medium.

  
  

•  differential medium.

  
  

•  enrichment culture.

  
  

• selective and differential medium.

  
  

• differential and enrichment culture.

  
  

 In one hospital, Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype 10 infected the biliary tract of 10 percent of 1300 patients who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. After each use, endoscopes were washed with an automatic reprocessor that flushed detergent and glutaraldehyde through the endoscopes, followed by a tap water rinse. P. aeruginosa serotype 10 was not isolated from the detergent, glutaraldehyde, or tap water. What was the source of the infections?

• bacterial cell walls in the water

  
  

• a biofilm in the reprocessor

  
  

• contaminated disinfectant

  
  

• fecal contamination of the bile ducts

  
  

• None of the answers is correct.

  
  

 A biochemical test, in the microbiology world, is used to determine

• staining characteristics.

  
  

•  amino acid sequences of enzymes.

  
  

•  nucleic acid-base composition of DNA sequences.

  
  

•  capability of a microbe to perform a specific enzymatic activity.

  
  

• All of the answers are correct.

  
  

 Which one of the following provides taxonomic information that includes the information obtained in each of the other options listed?

•  nucleic acid hybridization

  
  

• nucleic acid-base composition

  
  

•  amino acid sequencing

  
  

•  biochemical tests

  
  

• cladogram

  
  

Flow cytometry, where a cell is passed through a light source such as a laser beam, can directly indicate all EXCEPT which one of the following about a cell?

• size

• shape

• density

• identity

Which of the following bacteria is gram-negative?

• Treponema

• Corynebacterium

  
  

• Bacillus

• Staphylococcus

• Mycobacterium

 Which of the following form conidiospores?

• endospore-forming gram-positive rods and cocci

  
  

• actinomycetes and related organisms

  
  

• rickettsias

•  anaerobic gram-negative cocci

  
  

•  spiral and curved bacteria

  
  

Streptomyces differs from Actinomyces because Streptomyces

• is an archaea.

  
  

•  produces conidia.

  
  

•  forms filaments.

  
  

•  is a strict aerobe.

  
  

•  is a bacterium.

  
  

Which of the following statements regarding lichens is FALSE?

• Lichens are a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a protozoan.

  
  

•  Lichens represent a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and an alga.

  
  

• Lichens are often the first life form to colonize rock or soil.

  
  

• The algal partner produces carbohydrates that are absorbed by the fungal partner.

  
  

• The fungal partner provides a means of attachment and protects the algal partner from desiccation.