Hemostasis, Hemorrhagic Disorders, and Thrombosis

Hemostasis can be defined simply as the process by which ______ form at sites of vascular injury.

• blood clots

• white blood cells

• plasma proteins

• red blood cells

Which of the following is true about hemorrhagic disorders?

• They are characterized by excessive bleeding due to blunted or insufficient hemostatic mechanisms.

• They are characterized by excessive clotting within intact blood vessels.

• They are always associated with cardiovascular disease.

• They are caused by overproduction of platelets.

Hemostasis is a precisely orchestrated process involving ______, ______, and ______ that occurs at the site of vascular injury and culminates in the formation of a blood clot.

• platelets, clotting factors, and endothelium

• red blood cells, plasma, and leukocytes

• fibrinogen, albumin, and globulins

• lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells

________ occurs immediately and markedly reduces blood flow to the injured area during hemostasis.

• Arteriolar vasoconstriction

• Platelet aggregation

• Fibrinolysis

• Leukocyte migration

Which of the following is responsible for the formation of the primary hemostatic plug?

• Platelet aggregation

• Fibrin deposition

• Tissue factor activation

• Smooth muscle contraction

Vascular injury exposes ________ at the site of injury, which binds and activates factor VII, leading to thrombin generation.

• tissue factor

• collagen

• fibrinogen

• von Willebrand factor

What is the name of the pattern seen in the central areas that are red and slightly depressed compared with the surrounding tan viable parenchyma?

• Nutmeg liver

• Cirrhotic liver

• Fatty liver

• Normal liver

The figure shows Liver with chronic passive congestion and hemorrhagic necrosis. The histological image shows centrilobular necrosis with degenerating hepatocytes and ______

• hemorrhage

• fibrosis

• steatosis

• calcification

The pattern seen in the image is called 'nutmeg liver' because

• it shows mottled appearance due to chronic passive congestion of the liver

• it resembles the appearance of a normal liver

• it is caused by acute hepatitis

• it is due to fatty change in the liver

Which of the following is the first step in the process of hemostasis?

• Primary hemostasis

• Vasoconstriction

• Secondary hemostasis

• Thrombus and antithrombotic events