European exploration and colonization significantly shaped the development of North America, its native populations, and the emerging colonial societies by:

• Introducing new cultures, diseases, and technologies, leading to profound changes for native populations and the growth of colonial societies.

• Maintaining the traditional ways of native populations without any significant changes.

• Isolating North America from the rest of the world and preventing cultural exchange.

• Ensuring that native populations remained the dominant force in North America.

What was a major motivation for European exploration during the Renaissance period?

• Desire for new ideas in art, literature, and learning

• Desire for religious freedom

• Desire to escape war

• Desire to find gold

Increased contact with which region led Europeans to desire goods and wealth?

• Africa

• Asia

• Australia

• South America

Which countries formed larger European governments that motivated exploration?

• Spain, Portugal, England, France

• Italy, Germany, Russia, Greece

• China, India, Japan, Korea

• Egypt, Turkey, Iran, Iraq

The fall of the Roman Empire in 476 C.E. made ______ routes challenging for European traders.

• land

• sea

• air

• river

Italian city-states controlled Mediterranean trade routes during the period of European exploration.

• True

• False

What was the main goal of European explorers seeking new routes to Asia?

• To find gold

• To spread religion

• To find new sea routes for direct trade

• To conquer new lands

Who established a school of navigation in Portugal?

• Christopher Columbus

• Prince Henry the Navigator

• Bartolomeu Dias

• Vasco da Gama

Bartolomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope in ______.

• 1487

• 1492

• 1500

• 1475

Which explorer reached Calicut, India by sea between 1497-1498?

• Christopher Columbus

• Bartolomeu Dias

• Vasco da Gama

• Prince Henry the Navigator