Which statement best defines software engineering as presented?

• The design of computer hardware components

• Theories, methods, and tools for professional software development

• Writing code without formal processes

• Managing business operations using software

According to the material, which cost pattern is typical for long-lived computer systems?

• Hardware costs are always greater than software costs

• Development costs exceed maintenance costs

• Maintenance costs may be several times the development costs

• Software costs are negligible compared to networking costs

Which statement best describes a generic software product?

• Software commissioned by a specific customer to meet unique needs

• Stand-alone systems marketed and sold to any customer who wishes to buy them

• Embedded control systems built for a single device

• Software whose specification is owned by the customer

In customized products, who owns the specification of what the software should do and decides on required changes?

• The software developer

• A regulatory authority

• The customer for the software

• The system integrator

Which statement best defines software engineering according to the material?

• A subset of computer science focused purely on algorithms

• An engineering discipline concerned with all aspects of software production

• A process limited to coding and debugging software

• The management of hardware devices within computer systems

Which set lists the fundamental software engineering activities identified in the material?

• Requirements gathering, coding, deployment, maintenance

• Software specification, software development, software validation, and software evolution

• Design, implementation, marketing, and sales

• Planning, documentation, training, and support

Which attribute of good software focuses on evolving the system to meet changing customer needs in a changing business environment?

• Dependability and security

• Efficiency

• Maintainability

• Acceptability

A banking application must prevent malicious users from accessing or damaging the system, avoid causing physical or economic harm during failures, and remain reliable and safe. Which essential attribute best captures these requirements?

• Efficiency

• Acceptability

• Dependability and security

• Maintainability

Which statement best captures a key reason why software engineering is important, as described in the material?

• It prioritizes writing code quickly over long-term maintenance.

• It enables the production of reliable and trustworthy software systems economically and quickly.

• It replaces all programming with automated tools so developers are unnecessary.

• It focuses primarily on hardware optimization rather than software change costs.

Which statement best defines stand-alone applications as described in the material?

• Applications that execute on a remote computer and are accessed via web browsers

• Software systems that run locally on a PC, include all necessary functionality, and do not need network connectivity

• Control systems that manage hardware devices using embedded software

• Business systems designed to process data in large batches