T2L4 and 5

How did improvements in agricultural technology impact medieval European society?

• Caused economic decline
• Eliminated farming entirely
• Reduced population growth
• Increased food production and population

What key innovation allowed farmers to cultivate more land in northern Europe?

• Stone implements
• Wooden plows
• Iron-bladed plows
• Hand tools

What was the primary advantage of the three-field crop rotation system?

• Increased annual planted land
• Reduced labor requirements
• Guaranteed perfect harvests
• Eliminated need for fertilizer

How did the Cistercian monks contribute to medieval agricultural development?

• They opposed technological innovations
• They discouraged farming
• They only focused on religious practices
• They cut down forests and introduced sheep farming

What estimated population growth occurred in Europe between 1000 and 1300 CE?

• Population doubled from 39 to 74 million
• Population decreased
• Population grew by 10%
• Population remained stable

What economic innovation did Italian merchants develop to make trade safer?

• Insurance policies
• Trade tariffs
• Bills of exchange
• Military protection

What was the primary purpose of medieval guilds?

• Religious worship
• Military defense
• Agricultural expansion
• Protecting economic interests of workers

How did the Crusades impact medieval trade?

• Reduced merchant activities
• Completely stopped trade
• Isolated European economies
• Introduced Europeans to Asian goods

What technological improvement helped horses become more effective draft animals?

• New harness design
• Selective breeding
• Better feeding
• Faster breeding

Why did peasants begin leaving manors for towns?

• Religious persecution
• Promise of freedom and prosperity
• Better farming opportunities
• Mandatory government relocation