Research Methods and Epidemiology Worksheet

Which of the following is the first step in the research process?

• Literature review

• Identification of the general problem

• Data collection

• Hypothesis formulation

What philosophical assumption forms the basis of quantitative research?

• Humanism

• Constructivism

• Relativism

• Logical positivism

Which statement best describes how qualitative research views reality?

• Singular and objective

• Multiple and socially constructed

• Unchanging and fixed

• Governed by statistics

Which of the following studies measures prevalence but not incidence?

• Case-control study

• Cohort study

• Cross-sectional study

• Randomized controlled trial

In epidemiology, what does “disease doesn’t occur in a vacuum” mean?

• A. Disease distribution depends on population and environment

• B. All diseases occur randomly

• C. Diseases are purely genetic

• D. Disease cannot be prevented

Which study collects existing data from published or unpublished works?

• Primary research

• Secondary research

• Experimental study

• Prospective study

What is the measure of association in a cohort study?

• Odds ratio

• Relative risk

• Attributable risk

• Confidence interval

Which type of study is retrospective and compares diseased vs. healthy groups?

• Case-control study

• Cohort study

• Cross-sectional

• Randomized controlled trial

Which method uses codes, themes, and words instead of numbers?

• Experimental

• Qualitative

• Descriptive quantitative

• Analytical

The term “hypothesis testing” applies most directly to:

• Quantitative studies

• Ethnographic studies

• Case reports

• Narrative inquiries