Social Issues - Key Terms

Affordable Housing

• The occupant pays whatever they can afford towards their housing costs

• The occupant pays up to 50% of their income on housing costs

• The occupant pays no more than 30% of their income for housing costs

• The occupant pays 0% of their income on housing costs

Social Mobility

• Movement up or down a social hierarchy

• Movement up a social hierarchy only

• Only achieved through hard work and talent

• Achievable for everyone, regardless of circumstance

Social Inclusion

• The government's policy of offering financial aid to the poorest members of society

• The process of ensuring that all individuals can participate fully in society and access opportunities

• The idea that all people should have the same income and standard of living

• A system where all cultural groups maintain their distinct identities without interacting

Social Cohesion

• The degree to which a society's wealth is equally distributed among all its members

• The process of new immigrants adopting the cultural norms of their host country

• The extent to which people feel a sense of belonging, trust and common purpose in a society

• The government's use of force and legal systems to maintain public order and prevent disorder

Social Control

• The study of how a society's norms and values change over a long period of time

• An individual's psychological capacity to regulate their own personal behaviour

• The methods used by a society to maintain order and promote conformity to its norms, rules, and laws

• The collective behavior that occurs during a large public event like a concert or festival

Restorative Justice

• A legal system where the state decides on the punishment for all criminal acts

• An approach that punishes the offender through lengthy prison sentences

• A process that brings victims and offenders together to repair the harm caused by a crime

• A method used by police to quickly resolve minor disputes without formal charges

Activism

• The study of social or political events by academic researchers

• The use of diplomacy and negotiation between countries to resolve conflict

• Taking direct, noticeable action to bring about social or political change

• The act of voting in local or national elections

Equality

• Making sure that everyone feels happy and respected

• Equal rights and opportunities for all, regardless of background

• A social system where everyone is guaranteed the same level of wealth

• Ensuring that everyone goes to Univeristy

Equity

• A social system where everyone is guaranteed to have the same level of disposable income

• Giving everyone the exact same resources and opportunities regardless of their starting point

• A process that takes resources from the successful and gives them to the less successful

• Providing different resources to people based on their unique needs to achieve the same outcome

Exclusion

• Being denied access to resources, participation or opportunities that are available to others

• A situation where individuals choose to withdraw from social activities

• A temporary state of being poor, which is resolved by receiving benefit payments

• Being given access to resources, participation or opportunities that aren't available to all