Individual and Cultural Difference

What does authoritarianism refer to?

• An individual's orientation toward authority

• A measure of self-esteem

• A form of cultural programming

• A type of cognitive complexity

What are the three parts of the basic incongruity thesis?

• Authority, culture, and ethics

• Desires of individuals, desires of organizations, and their harmonization

• Extroversion, introversion, and personality

• Self-reliance, responsibility, and consistency

Cognitive complexity is best described as:

• The programming of the mind

• A stable set of personality traits

• A measure of physical abilities

• The ability to acquire and organize information

Culture is defined as:

• The collective programming of the mind

• A measure of work ethic

• An individual's self-esteem

• A cognitive style characterized by flexibility

Dependability in individuals is characterized by:

• Self-reliance, responsibility, and consistency

• Closed-mindedness and inflexibility

• Ambition and cleanliness

• A focus on abstract feelings

Dogmatism refers to:

• A measure of physical strength

• The ability to process information

• The programming of cultural responses

• A cognitive style characterized by closed-mindedness

What do ethics help us determine?

• The definition of dependability

• The programming of culture

• The nature of cognitive complexity

• Appropriate standards of behavior

Extroversion is characterized by:

• A focus on external people and events

• A strong work ethic

• A high level of cognitive complexity

• A tendency to focus inwardly

Instrumental values are concerned with:

• The definition of culture

• The programming of the mind

• The approach to end-states

• The measure of self-esteem

Introversion refers to individuals who:

• Focus their energies inwardly

• Direct attention to external events

• Demonstrate strong work ethics

• Exhibit high levels of dependability