2025 - Env Sys REVIEW: Ch 5 - Evolution & Community Ecology

A landslide causes part of a mountainside to fall away, leaving bare rock. In the years immediately following the landslide, the area will experience (a)  

• primary succession
• secondary succession
• a climax community

Which of the following, if present in a new ecosystem, can reduce the likelihood of a non-native species becoming invasive?

• natural enemies such as predators and parasites

• invasive species like kudzu and cane toads

• introduced species

• mutualistic and commensal organisms

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

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A reintroduced population of wolves in a national park is 90 percent grey and 10 percent black, consistent with the wolf population in other regions. After several generations in isolation, the national park's wolf population is 60 percent grey and 40 percent black. the wolf population has likely experienced ________________

• natural selection
• genetic drift
• mutations
• migration

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

In Madagascar, several species of lemur eat bamboo, but each species specializes in one part of the bamboo - one species eats mature bamboo stalks, one species eats bamboo shoots, and one species eats leaves. This is an example of ________________

• speciation
• resource partitioning
• competition
• niche partitioning

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

In Madagascar, one lemur species eats only bamboo shoots. Bamboo shoots contain a high level of cyanide, a toxic chemical, which they create as a defense mechanism. This lemur species has developed a tolerance for a certain amount of cyanide. What do you think will happen over time?

• the level of cyanide in the bamboo population will increase
• the level of cyanide in the bamboo population will decrease
• the level of cyanide in the bamboo population will remain the same
• the level of cyanide in the lemur opoulation will decrease

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

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When energy is transferred between trophic levels, the amount of available energy lost is about ______________

• 90 percent
• 50 percent
• 25 percent
• 10 percent

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Humans are generally ______________

• carnivores
• herbivores
• omnivores
• detritivores

Any being that uses the sun's energy to create sugars is a ______________

• producer
• primary consumer
• secondary consumer

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

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Which best describes evolutionary success?

• a successful organism possesses adaptive traits and is able to pass those traits on to numerous offspring
• a successful organism possesses traits that are different fro traits in the rest of the population and that will allow the organism to compete more successfully
• a successful organim produce more offspring than others in the population
• a successful organism possesses adaptive traits and produces more offspring that survive

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

Around 65 million years ago, 95 percent of the planet's species were wiped out, and the age of the dinosaurs ended. Which of the following best explains why we still have numerous species today?

• the species that exist today were those that were not wiped out when the dinosaurs died
• the species that exist today evolved from surviving species to fill niches left vacant by the dinosaurs
• the species that exist today speciated due to separation among different populations
• the species that exist today have the potential to be as numerous as the ones that went extinct

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2