Political Philosophy Concepts and Theories

What is the central idea of liberalism as a political philosophy?

• Governments having complete control over citizens.

• Focusing on individual freedom and rights.

• Promoting a single, all-powerful ruler.

• Ensuring everyone has the same amount of wealth.

What is the main concept of the "social contract" theory?

• Citizens must obey all government rules without question.

• People agree to give up some personal freedoms for government protection.

• The government has the right to take all property from its citizens.

• Individuals should live in a state of complete lawlessness.

How did Thomas Hobbes and John Locke's ideas about government power differ?

• Hobbes believed in a strong, absolute ruler, while Locke argued for limited government to prevent oppression.

• Hobbes supported individual property rights, while Locke believed in collective ownership.

• Both philosophers agreed that government should have minimal power.

• Locke thought chaos would result without government, while Hobbes believed in natural order.

What is the "veil of ignorance" in John Rawls's thought experiment?

• A situation where people make laws without knowing their own social status or characteristics.

• A government system where leaders hide information from citizens.

• The idea that people are naturally unaware of their own rights.

• A historical period when knowledge was limited.

What is the main idea of the "difference principle"?

• A job should only benefit the person doing it.

• People who earn more should have jobs that help everyone, especially those who are less fortunate.

• All jobs should pay the same amount of money.

• The government should decide everyone's job.

What does a progressive interpretation of government's role emphasize?

• Government should only help those who help themselves.

• Government should focus on individual choices above all else.

• Government should work to help the most marginalized people in society.

• Government should have less involvement in people's lives.

What does "negative liberty" mean?

• The ability to make all your own decisions without any help.

• The absence of obstacles or interference in your life.

• The government providing everything you need.

• Being free from all responsibilities.

A person dreams of studying archaeology but cannot afford college due to their family's low income. This situation illustrates a lack of what?

• Negative liberty

• Government regulation

• Positive liberty

• Individual responsibility