Introduction to CPS Models and Structure

Which pairing correctly matches a CPS structural element to its role?

• Components (Actors): pathways for communication between components

• Ports: discrete units that encapsulate functionality

• Connectors (Wires): interfaces a component uses to communicate

• Input Ports: receive data or signals; Output Ports: send data or signals

You are tasked with linking a controller that decides actions to a fan actuator that executes them. Which structural element must you use to create the pathway, according to the CPS model structure?

• A new component (actor)

• A connector (wire) from the controller’s output port to the actuator’s input port

• An additional output port on the actuator

• A sensor driver attached to the controller

In the simple temperature control system example, which sequence of data flow is correct when the room gets too hot?

• Controller.command_out → Temperature_Sensor.temp_out → Fan_Actuator.command_in

• Temperature_Sensor.temp_out → Controller.temp_in → Fan_Actuator.command_in

• Fan_Actuator.command_in → Controller.temp_in → Temperature_Sensor.temp_out

• Controller.temp_in → Temperature_Sensor.temp_out → Fan_Actuator.command_in

Which statement best defines the principle of perfect synchrony in Synchronous Reactive (SR) models?

• All components operate under a shared global clock and react in lock-step at discrete ticks.

• Components compute continuously with varying local clocks.

• Only sensors are synchronized; actuators may run asynchronously.

• Outputs are produced after several ticks due to measurable delays.

In SR models, what happens within a single tick regarding computation and outputs?

• Components begin computation but outputs appear in the next several ticks.

• Components read inputs, perform calculations, and produce outputs instantly before the next tick.

• Only inputs are read; calculations are deferred to the next tick.

• Outputs are produced continuously during the tick.

A traffic light controller modeled using SR receives the input: "Yellow time elapsed" at Tick 2. What are the outputs according to the example?

• Main Street light turns Green; Side Street light turns Red.

• Main Street light turns Red; Side Street light turns Green.

• Main Street light turns Yellow; Side Street light remains Red.

• Both lights turn Red.

Which scenario is most appropriate for SR models based on their key principles?

• Simulating long-running image processing tasks with measurable computation time.

• Designing safety-critical control logic where deterministic, perfectly timed reactions are required.

• Modeling asynchronous web services with variable network latency.

• Coordinating independent mobile apps with user-driven events.

Which principle of Dataflow models states that an actor executes only when it has enough data tokens on its input ports?

• Asynchrony

• Concurrency

• Data-driven execution

• Static scheduling

In Synchronous Dataflow (SDF), what makes static scheduling at design time possible?

• Actors communicate via shared memory

• A fixed, known number of tokens consumed/produced per execution

• Presence of a global clock

• Use of conditional firing rules

A traffic light controller in the smart traffic monitoring example waits to change timing until data arrives from both the camera and sensor. Which Dataflow principle does this behavior best illustrate?

• Concurrency

• Data-driven execution

• Dynamic Dataflow

• Global clock synchronization