Memory and Neuropsychology Worksheet Questions

Emma is studying for her biology exam and wants to remember new facts and information. Which brain region is primarily responsible for forming these new declarative memories?

• Amygdala

• Hippocampus

• Cerebellum

• Basal ganglia

Answer explanation

The hippocampus is crucial for forming new declarative memories, which include facts and events. It plays a key role in the consolidation of information from short-term to long-term memory.

Electrical stimulation of the medial temporal lobe can cause patients to experience:

• Flashbacks of past experiences

• Hallucinations

• Loss of motor control

• Immediate amnesia

Answer explanation

Electrical stimulation of the medial temporal lobe can evoke vivid memories, leading to flashbacks of past experiences. This area is crucial for memory processing, making it the correct choice over hallucinations, motor control loss, or amnesia.

(a)   is associated with involuntary recall of memories.

• Occipital lobe epilepsy
• Medial temporal lobe epilepsy
• Frontal lobe seizures
• Parietal lobe epilepsy

Answer explanation

Medial temporal lobe epilepsy is linked to involuntary recall of memories due to its role in memory processing and retrieval. Other types of epilepsy, like occipital or frontal lobe seizures, do not primarily affect memory recall.

The ‘Halle Berry neuron’ demonstrates that certain neurons in the hippocampus:

• Respond to smells

• Are highly selective for familiar faces or objects

• Are random in activation

• Respond only to sound

Answer explanation

The ‘Halle Berry neuron’ is known for its specificity, as it activates in response to familiar faces or objects, indicating that certain neurons in the hippocampus are highly selective rather than random or responsive to other senses.

Synaptic consolidation refers to:

• Movement of memories to the neocortex

• Long-term strengthening of synapses

• Memory decay

• Procedural memory formation

Answer explanation

Synaptic consolidation is the process of long-term strengthening of synapses, which enhances memory retention and stability. This is crucial for the formation and maintenance of long-term memories.

Systems consolidation occurs when:

• Short-term memories are erased

• Memories are gradually transferred to distributed cortical areas

• Procedural memory improves

• The hippocampus is damaged

Answer explanation

Systems consolidation refers to the process where memories are gradually transferred from the hippocampus to distributed cortical areas, making the correct choice 'Memories are gradually transferred to distributed cortical areas'.

Match each statement about brain activation with the correct description.

• Random neural activity without a specific pattern:

• The same brain regions used during encoding

• Retrieval of declarative memories activates:

• Only the cerebellum

• Retrieval of procedural memories activates:

• The motor cortex exclusively

• Execution of voluntary movements activates:

• No specific brain area

Answer explanation

Retrieval of declarative memories activates the same brain regions used during encoding, as these areas are involved in both storing and recalling information, ensuring a cohesive memory process.

Immediate memory typically lasts:

• Days

• Minutes

• Seconds or less

• Hours

Answer explanation

Immediate memory, also known as sensory memory, lasts only seconds or less. It briefly holds information from our senses before it is either processed further or forgotten.

Working memory generally lasts for:

• Seconds to minutes

• Days

• Years

• Lifetime

Answer explanation

Working memory is a temporary storage system that holds information for a short duration, typically lasting from seconds to minutes. This is why 'Seconds to minutes' is the correct answer.

Which of the following best explains why forgetting is sometimes described as an intentional process?

• It can involve the brain actively suppressing memories

• It occurs only with age

• It is always accidental

• It is unrelated to brain activity

Answer explanation

Forgetting is an active process as it involves the removal of neural connections, which means that memories are not just lost randomly but are actively pruned from the brain.