Which historical figure founded Buddhism after attaining enlightenment beneath a Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya, India?

• Ashoka the Great

• Siddhartha Gautama

• Mahavira

• Confucius

Siddhartha Gautama lived during which time period before becoming the Buddha?

• 1st century CE

• 6th century BCE

• 3rd century BCE

• 12th century CE

What event is traditionally recognized as the Buddha’s first sermon, in which he taught the Four Noble Truths?

• The Lotus Assembly

• Dharmachakra Parivartana at Deer Park

• Vesak Festival at Lumbini

• Council of Rajgir

Which of the following best describes Dukkha as explained in the Four Noble Truths?

• The path to ethical livelihood

• Unsatisfactory nature of existence including physical and mental suffering

• A meditation technique focused on loving-kindness

• Complete cessation of rebirth

According to Samudaya, what primarily causes suffering?

• Ignorance and non-self

• Craving (tanha) and attachment (upadana)

• Wrong livelihood and speech

• Lack of generosity

Nirodha teaches that the cessation of suffering is achievable through which realization?

• Karma accumulation

• Nirvana, characterized by the absence of craving, attachment, and ignorance

• Rebirth into a higher realm

• Mastery of ritual sacrifice

Magga refers to which of the following?

• The cycle of rebirth (samsara)

• The Truth of the Path leading to cessation of suffering, known as the Noble Eightfold Path

• Dependent origination

• The first sermon at Benares

Which set lists the three groupings within the Noble Eightfold Path as presented?

• Ritual, Devotion, Worship

• Wisdom, Ethics, Concentration

• Faith, Charity, Asceticism

• Mind, Body, Speech

Dependent origination (Pratityasamutpada) emphasizes what core idea?

• Isolation of phenomena

• Interconnectedness and interdependence of all phenomena through causal relationships

• Primacy of a permanent self

• Supremacy of divine will over causality

Mindfulness (sati) in Buddhist practice is best defined as which of the following?

• Avoidance of ethical decision-making

• Intentional awareness of present moment experience without judgment or attachment

• Recitation of sacred mantras only

• Exclusive focus on future outcomes