Quiz about HR Diagram, Life and Death of Stars Test

Question 1

In the context of star formation, what is a nebula?

Accepted Answer

A vast cloud of gas and dust in space

Answer

A small asteroid belt between planets

Answer

The outer layer of an old star

Answer

A type of galaxy with spiral arms

Question 2

What materials primarily make up the regions where stars form?

Accepted Answer

Gas and dust

Answer

Plasma and antimatter

Answer

Liquid metals

Answer

Solid rock and ice

Question 3

Which sequence best represents the initial stages of star formation as described?

Accepted Answer

Gas and dust in a nebula contract due to gravity, initiating star formation

Answer

Nebulae heat up due to nuclear fusion, then gas and dust appear

Answer

Stars explode and immediately become nebulae without any contraction

Answer

Gas and dust form a planet, then a star forms from the planet

Question 4

What does spectroscopy allow astronomers to determine about a star?

Accepted Answer

Which elements are in the star

Answer

Its age to the nearest year

Answer

Its exact mass

Answer

Its distance from Earth

Question 5

Which statement best defines apparent brightness?

Accepted Answer

How bright a star appears from Earth, also called its apparent magnitude

Answer

How bright a star would appear if all stars were the same size

Answer

The brightness of a star when observed through a telescope only

Answer

The total energy a star emits each second regardless of distance

Question 6

According to spectral classification, which stars are the hottest and what color do they appear?

Accepted Answer

O-type; blue

Answer

G-type; yellow

Answer

K-type; orange

Answer

M-type; red

Question 7

Which statement best describes M-type stars compared to O-type stars?

Accepted Answer

M-type stars are cooler and appear red.

Answer

M-type stars are hotter and appear blue.

Answer

M-type stars are the same temperature and appear white.

Answer

M-type stars are hotter and appear yellow.

Question 8

What is the main force that causes particles in a nebula to contract during the early stages of star formation?

Accepted Answer

Gravity

Answer

Electromagnetic force

Answer

Nuclear force

Answer

Coriolis force

Question 9

Which star property pair can be estimated using the H-R diagram?

Accepted Answer

Radius and mass

Answer

Age and metallicity

Answer

Rotation and magnetic field

Answer

Density and charge

Question 10

Which sequence correctly lists the spectral classes in order as presented for the H-R diagram?

Accepted Answer

O, B, A, F, G, K, M

Answer

B, O, A, G, F, K, M

Answer

M, K, G, F, A, B, O

Answer

A, F, G, K, M, O, B

Question 11

As the distance to a star increases, what happens to its apparent brightness?

Accepted Answer

It decreases

Answer

It fluctuates randomly

Answer

It increases linearly

Answer

It stays the same

Question 12

If the Sun were placed 10 parsecs from Earth, how would it appear?

Accepted Answer

Just barely visible, among the dimmest stars without a telescope

Answer

As one of the brightest stars in the sky

Answer

As bright as it appears now

Answer

Invisible even with a telescope

Question 13

Absolute brightness is defined as how bright a star would appear if it were placed at what standard distance from Earth?

Accepted Answer

10 parsecs (about 33 light years)

Answer

5 parsecs (about 16 light years)

Answer

100 parsecs (about 330 light years)

Answer

1 light year

Question 14

According to the H-R diagram information, what happens when large stars begin to fuse heavier elements?

Accepted Answer

They leave the main sequence to become giants or supergiants

Answer

They remain on the main sequence indefinitely

Answer

They immediately collapse into black holes

Answer

They cool into white dwarfs without expanding

Question 15

Stars on the main sequence are primarily fusing which element?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Carbon

Answer

Helium

Question 16

Two stars look different in brightness when viewed from Earth. Which factor directly affects their apparent brightness besides their absolute brightness?

Accepted Answer

Distance to the stars

Answer

Presence of planets

Answer

Color of the stars

Answer

Age of the stars

Question 17

Why does the Sun have the highest apparent brightness among stars in our sky?

Accepted Answer

We are very close to it

Answer

It has no planets to dim its light

Answer

It is the most luminous star in the universe

Answer

Its color makes it appear brighter

Question 18

Which outcome is NOT listed as a possible end state of a star in the material?

Accepted Answer

Red dwarf

Answer

Black hole

Answer

Neutron star

Answer

White dwarf

Question 19

According to the description, what will eventually happen to the Sun?

Accepted Answer

It will leave the main sequence and ultimately become a white dwarf

Answer

It will become a supergiant and then a black hole

Answer

It will remain on the main sequence forever

Answer

It will cool directly into a brown dwarf

Question 20

The hot, dense core that develops at the center of the spinning disk during star formation is called a:

Accepted Answer

Protostar

Answer

Neutron star

Answer

White dwarf

Answer

Main-sequence star

Question 21

Which statement is most accurate about the composition and role of nebulae in the life of stars?

Accepted Answer

Nebulae are clouds of gas and dust that are the birthplaces of stars

Answer

Nebulae are empty regions that separate galaxies

Answer

Nebulae are dense planetary cores where fusion already occurs

Answer

Nebulae are rings of ice that orbit young stars

Question 22

Why does greater stellar mass lead to higher luminosity?

Accepted Answer

It causes more nuclear fusion in the core

Answer

It cools the surface faster

Answer

It has fewer elements to fuse

Answer

It reflects more sunlight

Question 23

Which environment is identified as the birthplace of stars?

Accepted Answer

Nebulae

Answer

Comets

Answer

Asteroid belts

Answer

Black holes

Question 24

Which statement best describes the core of a star?

Accepted Answer

An extremely hot and dense center where nuclear fusion occurs

Answer

A region of moderate temperature that transports energy by convection

Answer

A cool, diffuse outer shell where light escapes

Answer

A solid metallic center that reflects radiation

Question 25

In the convection zone, what happens to hot plasma compared to cooler plasma?

Accepted Answer

Hot plasma rises while cooler plasma sinks

Answer

Plasma evaporates into gas

Answer

Hot plasma sinks while cooler plasma rises

Answer

Both hot and cool plasma remain stationary

Question 26

Which statement best distinguishes the photosphere from the corona?

Accepted Answer

The photosphere is the visible surface; the corona is the outermost plasma extending far into space.

Answer

Both are the star's core.

Answer

The photosphere releases solar wind, while the corona traps light.

Answer

The corona is cooler and denser than the photosphere.

Question 27

Solar wind is best described in this material as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A stream of charged particles released by the corona

Answer

A convection current in the radiative zone

Answer

A stream of photons escaping from the photosphere

Answer

A flow of molten plasma in the core

Question 28

Which layer is noted as extremely hot yet spread over a huge area?

Accepted Answer

Corona

Answer

Radiative zone

Answer

Core

Answer

Convection zone

Question 29

During a solar eclipse image showing a bright halo around the dark disk, which star layer is primarily visible as the glowing halo?

Accepted Answer

Corona

Answer

Photosphere

Answer

Radiative zone

Answer

Convection zone

Question 30

Which comparison correctly distinguishes sunspots from solar flares?

Accepted Answer

Sunspots are temporary cooler dark patches; solar flares are sudden intense energy bursts

Answer

Both are permanent features; sunspots are brighter

Answer

Solar flares are dark patches on the photosphere; sunspots are bursts of energy

Answer

Sunspots are magnetic energy releases; solar flares are cooler regions

Question 31

Which Earth-based systems are specifically mentioned as being disrupted by solar flares?

Accepted Answer

Satellite communications and power grids

Answer

Ocean currents and weather patterns

Answer

Plate tectonics and earthquakes

Answer

Agricultural cycles and plant growth

Question 32

What are solar prominences primarily composed of, as described?

Accepted Answer

Plasma

Answer

Vacuum

Answer

Solid iron

Answer

Liquid helium

Question 33

Which description best matches the visual of a solar prominence?

Accepted Answer

A massive loop arching away from the Sun's surface

Answer

A small dark sunspot

Answer

A ring surrounding the entire Sun

Answer

A bright point of light at the Sun's center

Question 34

Which solar phenomenon is often produced when some prominences erupt violently and release huge amounts of solar material into space?

Accepted Answer

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs)

Answer

Sunspots

Answer

Solar flares

Answer

Planetary transits

Question 35

Which of the following is a potential impact of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) on Earth's technology and environment?

Accepted Answer

Power outages

Answer

Increased volcanic activity

Answer

Ocean tides strengthening

Answer

Plate tectonics acceleration

Question 36

Which atmospheric phenomenon can be produced by CMEs interacting with Earth's magnetosphere?

Accepted Answer

Auroras

Answer

Hurricanes

Answer

Heat waves

Answer

Tornadoes

Question 37

According to the material, approximately how old is the Sun?

Accepted Answer

4.6 billion years

Answer

9.1 billion years

Answer

13.7 billion years

Answer

1.3 billion years

Question 38

The Sun is about 9.1 billion years younger than which reference?

Accepted Answer

The universe

Answer

The Milky Way

Answer

Jupiter

Answer

Earth

Question 39

Which statement best describes the Sun's contribution to the solar system's mass?

Accepted Answer

It makes up about 99.86% of the total mass.

Answer

It accounts for about half of the total mass.

Answer

It makes up about 90% of the total mass.

Answer

It contributes less than 10% of the total mass.

Question 40

In stellar nucleosynthesis, which fundamental process produces new elements inside stars?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear fusion

Answer

Radioactive decay

Answer

Chemical bonding

Answer

Nuclear fission

Question 41

Why does the formation of iron in a star's core precede core collapse?

Accepted Answer

Iron formation marks a stage where further fusion no longer provides sufficient outward pressure to counter gravity.

Answer

Iron fusion releases too much energy, overheating the core.

Answer

Iron cannot be formed in stars.

Answer

Iron increases radiation pressure beyond equilibrium.

Question 42

Which statement about equilibrium in stars is most accurate based on the material?

Accepted Answer

Equilibrium occurs when outward gas pressure exactly balances inward gravity.

Answer

Equilibrium is achieved only when a star stops all fusion.

Answer

Equilibrium means outward pressure exceeds gravity significantly.

Answer

Equilibrium is the dominance of gravity over all other forces.

Question 43

A student claims that many black dwarfs have been detected. Using evidence from the material, what is the best evaluation of this claim?

Accepted Answer

Inaccurate, none have been observed because stars take so long to cool

Answer

Partially accurate, a few black dwarfs have been imaged directly

Answer

Accurate, black dwarfs are common in nearby star clusters

Answer

Uncertain, current data neither supports nor refutes the claim

Question 44

When the outer layers of an average-mass star expand during its death, the star becomes a:

Accepted Answer

Red giant

Answer

Blue supergiant

Answer

Neutron star

Answer

Black dwarf

Question 45

The ejected outer layers of an average-mass star form which structure?

Accepted Answer

Planetary nebula

Answer

Accretion disk

Answer

Proto-planetary disk

Answer

Supernova remnant

Question 46

After a planetary nebula forms, what remains at the center of an average-mass star?

Accepted Answer

White dwarf

Answer

Brown dwarf

Answer

Neutron star

Answer

Red giant

Question 47

Which feature is found at the center of a planetary nebula formed from an average-mass star?

Accepted Answer

White dwarf remnant

Answer

Black hole

Answer

Active hydrogen-fusing core

Answer

Neutron star with strong magnetic field

Question 48

A massive star's core collapses while its outer layers expand. Which stage name identifies this expanded phase?

Accepted Answer

Red supergiant

Answer

Main sequence

Answer

Neutron star

Answer

Black hole

Question 49

What are the two possible remnants left behind after the explosion of a massive star?

Accepted Answer

Neutron star or black hole

Answer

White dwarf or brown dwarf

Answer

Red giant or blue supergiant

Answer

Planetary nebula or comet

Question 50

For very high-mass stars, which remnant forms that is so dense not even light can escape its gravitational force?

Accepted Answer

Black hole

Answer

Brown dwarf

Answer

White dwarf

Answer

Red supergiant

Question 51

Based on the description of remnants, which observational property would most directly distinguish a black hole from a neutron star?

Accepted Answer

Ability of light to escape

Answer

Color of surrounding nebula

Answer

Surface temperature

Answer

Presence of hydrogen lines

HR Diagram, Life and Death of Stars Test

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