Grade 11 Earth and Life Science Summative #1

Which theory states that life on Earth originated from spores of microorganisms that are preserved inside meteorites?

• Cosmozoic Theory

• Biogenesis Theory

• Abiogenesis Theory

• Special Creation Theory

Who proposed the theory which stated that all life forms on Earth were created by a supernatural power?

• Richter

• Aristotle

• Von Helmont

• Father Sudrez

Which of the following defines abiogenesis?

• It is another name for natural selection.

• It is the same thing as spontaneous generation.

• It is the emergence of small organisms from mud.

• It is the emergence of life forms from nonliving matter.

Francisco Redi conducted an experiment in which he boiled meat in three identical jars as shown in Figure 1 below. Which of the following BEST describes the result of his experiment?

• Living organisms were created by God.

• Living organisms come from panspermia.

• Living organisms come from non-living organisms.

• Living organisms originated from pre-existing life by reproduction.

Stanley Miller and Harold Urey recreated Earth’s early atmosphere in a test tube. Then they bombarded the chemical mixture with ultraviolet light and simulated lightning. Which of the following was formed?

• DNA

• RNA

• Cell membranes

• Biological molecules

How did Pasteur swan-necked flask support biogenesis?

• It did not have to be boiled.

• Microbes developed inside that flask.

• It kept microbes out, even though it was open.

• It sealed completely and no microbes developed.

Organisms have structures that have no apparent function and appear to be residual parts from a past ancestor like the hind leg bones shown in the whale in Figure 2 below. How would you classify this structure?

• fossil structures

• vestigial structures

• analogous structures

• homologous structures

In an experiment, a scientist filled two open flasks, as shown in Figure 3, with broth and boiled broth until it became clear. He then left the flasks open for several days. Which results showed that spontaneous generation did NOT occur?

• The broth in both Flask A and Flask B remained clear.

• The broth in both Flask A and Flask B became cloudy.

• The broth in Flask A became cloudy, and the broth in Flask B remained clear.

• The broth in Flask A remained clear, and the broth in Flask B became cloudy.

John Needham performed an experiment testing spontaneous generation. He boiled chicken broth, placed it in a sterile flask, and then sealed the flask. After a few days, Needham observed microorganisms in the flask. Which of the following explains the flaw in his experiment?

• Boiling activated dormant microorganisms present in the broth.

• After Needham boiled the broth, microorganisms entered the air.

• He did not boil the broth long enough to kill all microorganisms present.

• Microorganisms entered the broth from the flask itself after the flask was sealed.

Miller and Urey performed an experiment to prove the origin of life. What are the mixtures of gases they thought to be abundant in earth’s early atmosphere? I. N2 II. H2O III. H2 IV. NH3 V. O2 VI. CH4

• I, II, III, IV

• II, III, IV, V

• II, III, IV, VI

• III, IV, V, VI