Midterm Exam - Child and Adolescent Deveopment

What does temperament primarily refer to in developmental psychology?

• An individual's consistent emotional and behavioral style

• A person's acquired social values and attitudes

• The moral reasoning one develops through experience

• The cultural expectations placed upon an individual

Which concept refers to the totality of the human mind, including conscious and unconscious processes?

• Personality

• Human psyche

• Cognitive schema

• Emotional drive

The developmental task of learning to walk usually begins at what age?

• Around 6 months with initial steps

• Around 12 months with balance support

• Around 18 months with steady control

• Around 24 months with independent running

Readiness to take solid foods typically appears when infants:

• Display independence from parental assistance

• Show signs of peer imitation during feeding

• Lose the tongue-thrust reflex and develop oral-motor skills

• Begin to recognize the smell and taste of food

At what age do most children typically speak their first recognizable word?

• Around 6 months of age

• Around 36 months of age

• Around 24 months of age

• Around 12 months of age

Toilet training usually begins between ages 2–3, depending on:

• Parental modeling and peer influence

• Physiological readiness and reinforcement

• Environmental stimulation and nutrition

• Sibling comparison and cultural norms

By what age do children typically identify gender and show modesty awareness?

• By age 3 with social understanding

• By age 2 with physical recognition

• By age 4 with language development

• By age 5 with moral reasoning

Which skill is crucial for readiness in reading during preschool years?

• Moral awareness and social comparison

• Physical agility and eye-hand coordination

• Phonological awareness and sound recognition

• Gender role recognition and identity

Developing a conscience in early childhood involves:

• Acquiring the ability to follow complex rules

• Internalizing simple rules of right and wrong

• Understanding abstract social values

• Practicing advanced decision-making

The ability to participate in ordinary games requires:

• Mastery of fine and gross motor skills

• Advanced emotional intelligence

• Early moral decision-making

• Gender identity formation