Quiz about Test 2-Transport System in Vascular Plants and Genetics

Question 1

What are plants that contain xylem and phloem called?

Accepted Answer

Vascular plants

Answer

Non-vascular plants

Answer

Bryophytes

Answer

Algae

Question 2

A scientist observes water moving from the soil into the root, then into the xylem, and finally up the stem to the leaves, even against gravity. The best explanation for this phenomenon is:

Accepted Answer

the creation of a cohesive, unbroken water column pulled upward by the negative pressure of transpiration.

Answer

the positive pressure created by the continuous production of sugar in the root.

Answer

the active pumping of water molecules by the cells of the stem.

Answer

the simple force of diffusion across all cell membranes from high to low concentration.

Question 3

Which structure in a vascular plant is primarily responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals from the roots up to the leaves?

Accepted Answer

Xylem

Answer

Phloem

Answer

Epidermis

Answer

Stomata

Question 4

What term describes the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves?

Accepted Answer

Transpiration

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Translocation

Answer

Respiration

Question 5

The main difference between monocots and dicots lies in the number of _____ in their seed.

Accepted Answer

cotyledons

Answer

coats

Answer

pores

Answer

leaves

Question 6

What is the fundamental difference in the arrangement of vascular bundles between a typical monocot stem and a typical dicot stem?

Accepted Answer

Monocots have scattered vascular bundles, while dicots have them arranged in a ring.

Answer

Monocots have no vascular bundles, while dicots have them in a circle.

Answer

Monocots have xylem on the outside, while dicots have phloem on the outside.

Answer

Monocots have a vascular cambium, while dicots do not.

Question 7

The main function of the root is:

Accepted Answer

anchorage and absorption of water and minerals.

Answer

support and transport.

Answer

photosynthesis and gas exchange.

Answer

reproduction and storage.

Question 8

Which gas enters the leaf through the stomata for use in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

Answer

Oxygen (O₂)

Answer

Nitrogen (N₂)

Answer

Water Vapor (H₂O)

Question 9

Which type of vascular plant produces seeds enclosed within an ovary (fruit)?

Accepted Answer

Angiosperms (Flowering plants)

Answer

Pteridophytes (Ferns)

Answer

Gymnosperms (Conifers)

Answer

Bryophytes (Mosses)

Question 10

Which is an example of a dicot plant?

Accepted Answer

Peanut

Answer

Grass

Answer

Lily

Answer

Wheat

Question 11

The leaves of a new flower bud are considered a sink. However, once the flower opens and the leaves mature, they become a source. This change is due to the shift from:

Accepted Answer

consuming stored sugars for growth to producing excess sugar via photosynthesis.

Answer

storing water to transporting water.

Answer

absorbing minerals to releasing minerals.

Answer

supporting the stem to supporting the flower petals.

Question 12

How does the cohesion-tension theory rely on the process of transpiration?

Accepted Answer

Transpiration creates the negative pressure (tension) in the leaves needed to pull the cohesive water column up the xylem.

Answer

Transpiration directly transports the sugars made in the leaves down to the roots.

Answer

Transpiration is a byproduct of the positive pressure created by water entering the roots.

Answer

Transpiration causes the xylem tubes to expand, allowing more water to flow.

Question 13

A plant that has leaves with netted venation, a taproot system, and flowers in multiples of four or five is structurally classified as a:

Accepted Answer

dicot.

Answer

bryophyte.

Answer

lycophyte.

Answer

monocot.

Question 14

Which comparison between tracheids and vessel elements (parts of the xylem) is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Vessel elements are shorter and wider than tracheids.

Answer

Tracheids are alive at maturity; vessel elements are dead.

Answer

Vessel elements transport water more rapidly due to narrower, continuous tubes; tracheids are thinner and transport more slowly.

Answer

Tracheids are found only in dicots; vessel elements are found only in monocots.

Question 15

What is the main function of the ground tissue system?

Accepted Answer

Storage, support, and photosynthesis

Answer

Transport of water and food

Answer

Protection and gas exchange

Answer

Production of new cells

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT an ingredient needed for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Water

Answer

Sunlight

Question 17

Which major tissue system covers the outside of a plant, providing protection?

Accepted Answer

Dermal tissue system

Answer

Ground tissue system

Answer

Vascular tissue system

Answer

Meristematic tissue system

Question 18

In the context of translocation, a source is typically a part of the plant that:

Accepted Answer

produces or releases sugar (e.g., a mature leaf).

Answer

stores excess water.

Answer

anchors the plant in the soil.

Answer

absorbs carbon dioxide.

Question 19

The sugar produced during photosynthesis is primarily transported throughout the plant via which tissue?

Accepted Answer

Phloem

Answer

Xylem

Answer

Parenchyma

Answer

Sclerenchyma

Question 20

Which part of a leaf is responsible for regulating the exchange of gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Stomata

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Midrib

Answer

Mesophyll

Question 21

A tomato plant is actively growing fruit at the top and storing starch in its roots. How does the phloem's direction of flow accommodate both activities simultaneously?

Accepted Answer

Phloem flow is bidirectional: sugar moves upward from the leaves to the fruit (sink) and downward from the leaves to the roots (sink).

Answer

The phloem only flows downward, favoring the roots over the fruit.

Answer

The phloem only flows upward, requiring the fruit to synthesize its own sugar.

Answer

The plant uses two separate phloem systems: one for upward flow and one for downward flow.

Question 22

Who is known as the "Father of Genetics" for his work with pea plants?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Aristotle

Answer

Reginald Punnett

Answer

James Watson

Question 23

In Mendel's pea plant experiments, which trait was observed to be recessive?

Accepted Answer

Green seed color

Answer

Yellow seed color

Answer

Tall plant height

Answer

Axial flower position

Question 24

What is the term for the passing of characteristics from parents to offspring?

Accepted Answer

Heredity

Answer

Variation

Answer

Genetics

Answer

Biodiversity

Question 25

What is the genotypic percentage of the heterozygous offspring (Tt) when a heterozygous Tall plant (Tt) is self-pollinated?

Accepted Answer

75%

Answer

25%

Answer

50%

Answer

100%

Question 26

If the blending inheritance theory were true, and you crossed a plant with red flowers and a plant with white flowers, what would be the result?

Accepted Answer

All offspring would have pink flowers (intermediate color).

Answer

All offspring would have red flowers.

Answer

75% red, 25% white offspring.

Answer

The red and white traits would segregate 3 : 1

Question 27

In a test cross involving a pea plant that is known to have the dominant phenotype (e.g., Purple flowers), the purpose is to:

Accepted Answer

determine if the genotype is homozygous dominant or heterozygous.

Answer

determine if the recessive allele exists.

Answer

produce only heterozygous offspring.

Answer

determine the dominant phenotype percentage.

Question 28

A true-breeding Tall plant (TT) is crossed with a heterozygous Tall plant (Tt). What is the expected phenotypic percentage of short plants in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

0%

Answer

25%

Answer

50%

Answer

75%

Question 29

If you crossed two heterozygous plants (Yy x Yy) and found 30 yellow seeds and 10 green seeds in the offspring, what are the observed phenotypic percentage and ratio?

Accepted Answer

75% Yellow, 25% Green; 3 : 1

Answer

75% Yy, 25 yy; 3 : 1

Answer

50% Yy, 50% yy; 1 : 1

Answer

25% Yellow, 50% Yellow, 25% green; 1 : 2 : 1

Question 30

Which cross would you perform to determine if a pea plant exhibiting the dominant phenotype for smooth seeds is homozygous dominant (RR) or heterozygous (Rr)?

Accepted Answer

Cross it with a wrinkled-seed (rr) plant.

Answer

Cross it with a known RR plant.

Answer

Cross it with a known Rr plant

Answer

Cross it with an F₁ hybrid plant.

Question 31

A cell in the human body contains 46 chromosomes. This cell is diploid. If it were to undergo meiosis to produce gametes, the resulting cells would each contain:

Accepted Answer

23 chromosomes and be haploid.

Answer

46 chromosomes and be diploid.

Answer

92 chromosomes and be diploid.

Answer

46 chromosomes and be haploid.

Question 32

Which statement most accurately describes the relationship between DNA and an allele?

Accepted Answer

An allele is a specific variant of the nucleotide sequence (DNA) that makes up a gene.

Answer

DNA is made of alleles.

Answer

An allele is a type of protein made by DNA.

Answer

DNA is found only in the chromosome; an allele is found in the cytoplasm.

Question 33

The Punnett square is a tool used by geneticists to determine:

Accepted Answer

the probability of offspring having a certain genotype and phenotype.

Answer

the exact number of offspring in a cross.

Answer

the exact phenotype of the parents.

Answer

the rate of mutation in a gene pool.

Question 34

If G is the dominant allele for green pods and g is the recessive allele for yellow pods, what is the phenotype of a Gg plant?

Accepted Answer

Green pods

Answer

Yellow pods

Answer

Half green and half yellow pods

Answer

Greenish yellow pods

Question 35

Which of Mendel's pea plant traits was dominant?

Accepted Answer

Inflated pod shape

Answer

Wrinkled seed shape

Answer

Terminal flower position

Answer

Green pod color

Question 36

The concept of zygosity refers to the similarity or difference of the ______ present for a trait.

Accepted Answer

alleles

Answer

chromosomes

Answer

phenotypes

Answer

nucleotides

Question 37

Which statement represents the Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Genes for different traits can segregate independently during gamete formation.

Answer

One allele can mask the effect of another. b) Alleles separate during gamete formation.

Answer

Alleles separate during gamete formation.

Answer

All offspring will look like the dominant parent.

Question 38

The actual genetic makeup of an organism, represented by letters (e.g., TT, Tt, tt), is the:

Accepted Answer

genotype

Answer

phenotype

Answer

allele

Answer

karyotype

Question 39

If a pea plant is true breeding for the short stem trait, its genotype must be:

Accepted Answer

homozygous recessive.

Answer

heterozygous.

Answer

homozygous dominant.

Answer

hybrid.

Question 40

Mendel's Law of _________ states that one factor (allele) in a pair masks the expression of the other factor.

Accepted Answer

Dominance

Answer

Segregation

Answer

Independent Assortment

Answer

Variation

Question 41

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait is called a:

Accepted Answer

gene.

Answer

allele.

Answer

nucleotide.

Answer

chromosome.

Question 42

What did Mendel call the first offspring generation resulting from a cross between true-breeding parents?

Accepted Answer

First Filial (F₁)generation

Answer

Parental (I) generation

Answer

Super Parental (P₂) generation

Answer

Second Filial (F₂) generation

Question 43

If an allele for flower color is on chromosome 1 and an allele for plant height is on chromosome 5, how would the formation of gametes be affected?

Accepted Answer

The alleles would be distributed independently to the gametes, demonstrating the Law of Independent Assortment.

Answer

The alleles would always be inherited together.

Answer

The Law of Segregation would not apply.

Answer

The plants could only produce one type of gamete.

Question 44

In codominance, how are the two alleles expressed in the heterozygous individual?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are fully and separately expressed.

Answer

They blend to form a new trait.

Answer

One allele is completely masked.

Answer

The trait is lethal.

Question 45

The human ABO blood type system is an example of what two non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Codominance and multiple alleles

Answer

Incomplete dominance and lethal alleles

Answer

Polygenic traits and sex-linkage

Answer

Blending inheritance and simple dominance

Question 46

What is the phenotypic difference between an individual who is homozygous for the disease allele (X^h X^h) and a carrier female (X^H X^h) for a recessive sex-linked trait?

Accepted Answer

The homozygous individual has the disease; the carrier is phenotypically normal.

Answer

Both individuals have the disease.

Answer

The carrier has the disease, the homozygous individual does not.

Answer

Both individuals are phenotypically normal.

Question 47

A man with Blood Type A (I^Ai) marries a woman with Blood Type B (I^Bi). Which of the following blood types is impossible for their children to inherit?

Accepted Answer

All blood types are possible.

Answer

Type A and Type B

Answer

Type AB

Answer

Type O

Question 48

The inheritance of human skin color is determined by at least three to six different genes, each contributing a small amount to the final pigment. This type of inheritance leads to the wide range of hues observed, which is characteristic of:

Accepted Answer

polygenic inheritance.

Answer

sex-linked inheritance.

Answer

multiple alleles.

Answer

codominance.

Question 49

What is a lethal allele?

Accepted Answer

An allele whose expression results in the death of the individual organism.

Answer

An allele that causes a non-fatal, dominant disorder.

Answer

An allele that is only expressed in the F₂ generation.

Answer

An allele found exclusively on the Y chromosome.

Question 50

What is the main characteristic of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

The heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate blend of the two homozygous phenotypes.

Answer

Both alleles are fully expressed, resulting in both phenotypes.

Answer

Only one dominant allele is required for expression.

Answer

The trait is determined by multiple genes.

Question 51

A couple is worried about a sex-linked recessive disorder in their family. They have a daughter who is a carrier (X^H X^h) and a son who is affected (X^h Y). What must be the genotype of the parents?

Accepted Answer

Father: X^h Y, Mother: X^HX^h

Answer

Father: X^HY, Mother: X^H X^H

Answer

Father: X^H Y, Mother: X^HX^h

Answer

Father: X^h Y, Mother: X^hX^h

Question 52

If a man with Blood Type O marries a woman with Blood Type AB, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of their children?

Accepted Answer

1 Type A : 1 Type B

Answer

1 Type A : 1 Type B : 1 Type AB : 1 Type O

Answer

3 Type AB : 1 Type O

Answer

1 Type AB : 1 Type O

Question 53

In a rare flower species, the allele for blue color (B) is incompletely dominant to the allele for yellow color (Y). If two green (BY) flowers are crossed, what percentage of the offspring will also be green?

Accepted Answer

50%

Answer

0%

Answer

25%

Answer

100%

Question 54

A phenotypically normal female whose father was colorblind (X^h Y) marries a normal male (X^HY). What is the probability that their daughter will be a carrier (X^H X^h)?

Accepted Answer

50%

Answer

0%

Answer

25%

Answer

75%

Question 55

If a lethal allele is dominant, what can you infer about the individuals who display the dominant phenotype in the surviving population?

Accepted Answer

They must be heterozygous, as the homozygous dominant form is likely lethal.

Answer

They must be homozygous dominant

Answer

They must be homozygous recessive.

Answer

The trait is sex-linked.

Test 2-Transport System in Vascular Plants and Genetics

Create a free account and access millions of resources

Similar Resources on Wayground

Popular Resources on Wayground

Discover more resources for Science