MOCK 1

A urologist is a doctor who specializes in disorders of the urinary system. Which of the following patients is most likely to be treated by a urologist

• a patient with low levels of iron in her blood

• a patient with a painful kidney stone

• a patient with swollen veins in the anus, called hemorrhoids

• a patient with chronic indigestion

Which of the following is among the body’s first barriers against germs

• the immune system

• antibiotics

• antibodies

• skin

Each evening, Sara has a glass of wine. If there is no wine in the house, she feels a strong urge to get some, although she feels no ill effects if she does not.

What is Sara’s relationship to alcohol?

• addiction

• physical dependence

• habituation

• withdrawl

The Earth's crust is divided into large plates that float on the semi-fluid mantle. These plates move slowly, causing earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain formation. When two plates collide, one may slide beneath the other, creating a subduction zone.

Question:
What event is most likely to occur at a subduction zone?

• Volcanoes and earthquakes are likely to occur.
• Tsunamis and hurricanes are likely to occur.
• Only mountain formation occurs without earthquakes.
• Subduction zones are only found in oceanic regions.

Cells need energy to perform activities such as muscle contraction, cell division, and active transport. This energy comes from a process called cellular respiration, which occurs in the mitochondria. Glucose and oxygen are used to produce ATP (energy), carbon dioxide, and water. If oxygen is not available, cells switch to anaerobic respiration, producing less energy and lactic acid.

Question:
What would most likely happen to a person’s muscle cells during intense exercise when oxygen is low?

• ATP production would increase.

• The cells would perform anaerobic respiration

• Mitochondria would stop working completely

• The cells would release more carbon dioxide than usual.

What is most likely the result of a mutation that changes one base in the DNA sequence?

• The cell will divide faster.

• The protein may change shape and lose its function.

• The DNA will immediately repair itself.

• The RNA will stop leaving the nucleus.

The nervous and endocrine systems both control body functions, but in different ways. The nervous system sends rapid electrical signals through neurons to specific organs, while the endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstream to affect target cells. For example, adrenaline from the adrenal glands prepares the body for a “fight or flight” response.

Question:
Which system would act more slowly but have longer-lasting effects?

• the nervous sytem

• endocrine system

• digestive system

• integumentary sytem

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite processes. Photosynthesis in plants uses sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. In contrast, cellular respiration breaks down glucose and oxygen to release energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

Question:
Which statement best describes the relationship between these two processes?

• They occur in the same organelles

• The products of one are the reactants of the other.

• They both absorb carbon dioxide

• They both release oxygen

In the 17th century, English physician William Harvey concluded that blood in the veins flows toward the heart. Which of the following facts helps support Harvey’s conclusion

• The presence of one-way valves in veins.
• Blood is pumped directly from the veins to the lungs.
• Veins are thicker than arteries.
• Blood flows in both directions in veins.

A person catches the flu after being near someone who coughed. Which type of disease transmission occurred?

• Direct transmission
• Airborne transmission
• Vector-borne transmission
• Indirect transmission