UNIT 4: Cellular Structure + Functions (addendum)

A scientist is developing a model to explain how the mitochondria and chloroplasts interact within a plant cell. Which scenario best demonstrates the interdependency between these two organelles?

• Mitochondria use oxygen produced by chloroplasts during photosynthesis to generate ATP through cellular respiration.

• Chloroplasts break down glucose produced by mitochondria to release energy.

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts both store genetic information for the cell.

• Chloroplasts and mitochondria both synthesize proteins for the cell wall.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

You are tasked with creating a model to show how the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus work together in a cell. Which of the following best represents their interaction?

• The ER synthesizes proteins, which are then transported to the Golgi apparatus for modification and packaging.

• The Golgi apparatus produces ribosomes that are sent to the ER.

• The ER and Golgi apparatus both generate ATP for the cell.

• The Golgi apparatus and ER both store calcium ions for the cell.

A student is asked to develop a model showing the relationship between lysosomes and mitochondria in animal cells. Which explanation best supports their interdependency?

• Lysosomes break down waste, providing raw materials that mitochondria can use for energy production.

• Mitochondria produce digestive enzymes for lysosomes.

• Lysosomes and mitochondria both synthesize DNA.

• Mitochondria and lysosomes both store water for the cell.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

Given a set of data showing the activity levels of different enzymes in various cell types, how would you analyze the data to determine the relationship between enzyme function and cellular activity?

• Compare enzyme activity levels to the specific functions performed by each cell type and look for patterns.

• Only record the highest enzyme activity in each cell type.

• Ignore the data and focus on cell structure.

• Assume all enzymes function the same in every cell type.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-4

A researcher collects data on the rate of glucose transport in cells with different types of membrane proteins. How should the researcher interpret the data to understand the diversity of protein functions?

• Analyze how the presence of different membrane proteins affects the rate of glucose transport across the cell membrane.

• Only consider the total amount of glucose in the cell.

• Ignore the type of membrane protein present.

• Assume all proteins transport glucose at the same rate.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-2

You are given a graph showing the activity of various proteins in response to changes in temperature. What is the best way to interpret this data to explain protein diversity in cellular function?

• Identify which proteins maintain function at different temperatures and relate this to their roles in the cell.

• Only focus on the protein with the highest activity.

• Disregard temperature as a factor in protein function.

• Assume all proteins react the same way to temperature changes.

A student is developing a model to show how facilitated diffusion and active transport differ in moving substances across the cell membrane. Which approach best demonstrates the function of these transport mechanisms?

• Illustrate that facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy, while active transport moves substances against their gradient using ATP.

• Show both mechanisms moving substances in the same direction without energy.

• Indicate that both require ATP for movement.

• Model both as passive processes.

You are asked to create a model showing how osmosis affects plant cells placed in different solutions. Which scenario best explains the function of osmosis in this context?

• Water moves into the plant cell in a hypotonic solution, causing it to swell, and out in a hypertonic solution, causing it to shrink.

• Water moves equally in and out of the cell regardless of the solution.

• Only solutes move across the membrane during osmosis.

• Osmosis does not affect plant cells.

A model is being developed to show how endocytosis and exocytosis function in cells. Which explanation best demonstrates the role of these transport mechanisms?

• Endocytosis brings large molecules into the cell by engulfing them, while exocytosis expels materials by fusing vesicles with the membrane.

• Both processes only move water across the membrane.

• Endocytosis and exocytosis are forms of passive transport.

• Both processes require no energy input.

A student is asked to develop a model showing the interaction between the nucleus and ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell. Which explanation best supports their interdependency?

• The nucleus provides the genetic instructions that ribosomes use to synthesize proteins.

• Ribosomes produce DNA for the nucleus.

• The nucleus and ribosomes both store energy for the cell.

• Ribosomes and the nucleus both regulate cell division.