Which term describes a solution that can be expressed as a finite, logically arranged sequence of steps?

• Algorithmic solution

• Heuristic solution

• Iterative solution

• Randomized solution

A heuristic solution is best described as:

• Based on finite steps only

• Based on rules of thumb and past experience

• Guaranteed to be optimal

• Independent of human judgment

Which is the correct order of the general problem‑solving steps?

• Identify alternatives → Identify problem → Evaluate → Select best → List instructions → Understand

• Identify problem → Understand → Identify alternatives → Select best → List instructions → Evaluate

• Understand → Evaluate → List instructions → Identify problem → Select best → Identify alternatives

• Select best → Identify alternatives → Evaluate → List instructions → Understand → Identify problem

In the programming process, which phase includes 'Analysis and Specification' and 'General Solution'?

• Implementation phase

• Maintenance phase

• Problem‑solving phase

• Testing phase

Which pair belongs to the Implementation phase?

• Verify and Use

• Translate algorithm into code and Test

• Analysis and Specification

• Maintain and Modify

Which property of algorithms requires that execution finishes after a bounded number of operations?

• Effectiveness

• Finiteness

• Scope definition

• Input/Output definition

Which pseudocode convention is recommended in the lessons?

• End statements with semicolons

• Use punctuation to terminate lines

• Every program starts with START and ends with STOP

• Combine multiple actions in one line if short

Which of the following is NOT among the commonly used pseudolanguage operations listed?

• DISPLAY

• COMPUTE

• EXIT

• SYNCHRONIZE

In flowcharting, which symbol denotes the beginning or end of a process?

• Process

• Terminal

• Decision

• On‑page connector

Which flowchart type is primarily used by programmers to show program logic and operations performed?

• Data flow diagram

• Program flowchart

• System flowchart

• Entity‑relationship diagram