BNFH01_Revision

Which organelle is most abundant in cells specialized for secretion?

• Lysosomes that digest cellular debris

• Golgi apparatus that modifies and packages proteins

• Peroxisomes that neutralize toxins

• Smooth ER that produces lipids

Why do liver cells contain many peroxisomes?

• They need vesicles to secrete enzymes

• They perform detoxification using oxidative reactions

• They store glycogen during fasting

• They break down RNA for recycling

Which feature distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

• Ribosomes that synthesize proteins

• A nucleus enclosing genetic material

• A membrane composed of lipids

• Circular chromosomes located in cytoplasm

What would happen if a cell lost most of its microtubules?

• Vesicle transport and cell division would stop

• Protein synthesis would accelerate

• Nuclear envelope would dissolve permanently

• Mitochondria would stop producing ATP

The nucleolus is mainly responsible for:

• Synthesizing DNA before cell division

• Producing rRNA and assembling ribosomal subunits

• Breaking down misfolded proteins

• Regulating nuclear pore openings

Which statement best describes facilitated diffusion?

• Movement against gradient using energy

• Movement through protein channels without energy

• Osmotic water movement

• Random movement of gases

Why does the sodium-potassium pump require ATP?

• It moves ions along their gradient

• It moves ions against their gradient

• It moves glucose

• It only works in neurons

What would happen if all ATP production in a neuron suddenly stopped?

• The sodium-potassium pump would stop and membrane potential would collapse

• Passive diffusion would accelerate

• Glucose transport would increase

• Osmosis would reverse direction

Why is secondary active transport considered indirectly active?

• Because it uses energy stored in ion gradients made by another pump

• Because it happens only during rest

• Because it depends on osmosis

• Because it requires vesicles

What is the main function of RNA polymerase?

• To cut introns

• To join exons

• To synthesize RNA from DNA

• To translate RNA into proteins