Science: Earth and Space - Test 2, Chapter 2

A volcanologist is placing instruments near a volcano to help predict when the volcano will erupt. Which of the following instruments is he most likely to choose?

• seismometer, to detect earthquakes caused by underground pressure

• thermometer, to detect steam and hot gases released by the volcano

• camera, to detect molten rock and volcanic ash released by the volcano

• light meter, to detect the sun being blocked by volcanic ejecta

Grace is studying earthquakes for her geography project. She learns that about 80% of the world's earthquakes occur in a specific region. In which region do most of these earthquakes take place?

• Alpide belt

• Indian Ocean belt

• circum-Pacific belt

• Middle Eastern belt

While hiking, Abigail picks up a piece of solid rock from the ground and wonders what the earth's outer layer made of solid rock is called. It is the ___.

• crust

• core

• mesoterre

• mantle

While planning a trip from southern Europe to Indonesia, Olivia reads about a major earthquake zone that stretches across this entire region. She wants to know what this earthquake zone is called. What is the name of this zone?

• Alpide belt

• Indian Ocean belt

• circum-Pacific belt

• Middle Eastern belt

Charlotte is watching a documentary about volcanoes and learns that the strength of a volcanic eruption is measured using a scale called the ____.

• Volcanic Explosivity Index (or VEI)

• Richter Scale

• Fujita Scale

• Saffir-Simpson Scale

After a powerful earthquake shakes their city, Rohan and Mason are curious about how scientists determine the amount of energy released. They learn that the most reliable method for measuring this energy is the ___ scale.

• EEW

• modified Mercalli

• moment magnitude

• Richter magnitude

While hiking near a volcano, Maya noticed a long, hollow passage beneath the ground where lava once flowed. The surface had hardened, but the lava underneath had continued to move, creating this underground channel. What is this feature called?

• lava tunnel

• magma chamber

• crater lake

• ash cloud

During a construction project, Charlotte notices that the rocks on one side of a fault have been shoved up and over the rocks on the other side. What major type of fault is Charlotte observing?

• normal fault

• tectonic fault

• strike-slip fault

• thrust fault

While hiking, Daniel notices a range of mountains that seem to have formed where the edges of two adjacent tectonic plates are pushing together. What type of mountain is Daniel observing?

• folded

• fault-block

• volcanic

• dome

Maya is studying earthquakes and volcanoes for her science project. She notices that many volcanoes are found around the Pacific Ocean, an area known as the Ring of Fire. How does the existence of the Ring of Fire provide evidence for plate tectonics?

• Most volcanoes appear to be located along subduction zones.

• Most volcanoes occur in the same regions of the world.

• Most volcanoes produce lava when they erupt.

• Most volcanoes occur where molten rock reaches the surface.