Lecture 2

According to the lesson, what process is required for the diploid zygote to form diploid gamete progenitor cells?

• Meiosis

• Mitosis

• Fertilization

• Differentiation

Which type of cell division occurs to form gametes from diploid progenitor cells?

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

• Fertilization

• Specification

In higher animals, the germline is set aside early during embryogenesis to minimize DNA-damaging mitosis.

• True

• False

Fill in the blank: In the male germline, spermatogonial stem cell divisions occur every ___ days post-puberty.

• 16

• 7

• 30

• 3

According to the table, how many cell divisions occur in the female germline before the primordial germ cell (Pre-PGC) stage?

• ~10

• ~20

• ~5

• ~50

According to the lesson, all eggs must be stored for decades in higher animals because:

• they are needed for reproduction throughout the animal's life.

• they provide nutrition for the developing embryo.

• they prevent genetic mutations from occurring.

• they help regulate the animal's metabolism.

According to the diagram, approximately how many cell divisions occur in the paternal germline by age 30?

• ~30

• ~100

• ~380

• ~1000

What is the function of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) in plants?

• Forms the roots

• Forms the leaves, stem, and branches

• Forms the fruit

• Forms the seed

Within the shoot apical meristem (SAM) are low-rate mitotic stem cells known as the _________?

• quiescent center (QC)

• cortex cells

• trichomes

• phloem cells

In plants, the germline is set aside early during development, and there are few mitotic divisions before gamete formation.

• True

• False