What is the purpose of a "throughline" when preparing a presentation?

• To make the presentation longer.

• To ensure the presentation has a clear, connected idea.

• To add more visual effects.

• To confuse the audience with complex ideas.

When preparing a talk, what are the two main ways a speaker can plan their presentation?

• Writing a full script to be read/memorized, or planning points to speak in the moment.

• Writing a full script or using only visual aids.

• Practicing in front of a mirror or practicing with friends.

• Using a teleprompter or using cue cards.

For most speakers, what is considered the most powerful way to deliver a talk?

• Improvising completely without any preparation.

• Reading directly from a script without practice.

• Writing a script and then knowing it so well it becomes part of you.

• Using many hand gestures and loud volume.

If a speaker is in the early stages of memorizing a talk, how might their presentation appear to the audience?

• Very polished and professional.

• Disorganized, but with passion for the idea.

• Completely silent and confused.

• Too fast and difficult to follow.

What is the "robot stage" in memorizing a talk?

• When the speaker uses advanced technology in their presentation.

• When the speaker forgets their lines completely.

• When the speaker moves around the stage like a robot.

• When the speaker recites words without genuine thought or emotion.

To move past the "robot stage" and deliver a talk with meaning, what should a speaker continue to do?

• Stop practicing and hope for the best.

• Practice until the words flow freely and they can focus on meaning.

• Change the entire script to something easier.

• Only practice the beginning and end of the talk.

How does spoken language typically differ from written language?

• Spoken language is always more formal than written language.

• Written language is always shorter than spoken language.

• Spoken language used in everyday speech is different from the language writers use.

• There is no difference between spoken and written language.

What method does Harvard Professor Dan Gilbert suggest for students to make sure their written script sounds natural when spoken aloud?

• Read the script silently multiple times.

• Speak their talk into a recorder before writing it down.

• Have someone else read the script to them.

• Use very complex vocabulary in their script.

What is the primary benefit of using visual aids during a presentation?

• They are only useful for technical topics.

• They make the presentation longer.

• They help to clarify and reinforce the spoken message.

• They distract the audience from the speaker.

How can a speaker effectively engage their audience during a talk?

• By reading directly from their notes without looking up.

• By asking questions and encouraging audience participation.

• By speaking in a monotone voice.

• By using complex jargon that only experts understand.