Unit 2 Test - AP Environmental Science

Refer to the graphs showing Temperature (°C) and Concentration of Atmospheric CO2 (ppm) over the past 800,000 years. What general relationship can be observed between atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature over this period?

• As CO2 concentration increases, temperature decreases

• As CO2 concentration increases, temperature increases

• There is no relationship between CO2 concentration and temperature

• Temperature remains constant regardless of CO2 concentration

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Refer to the graphs showing Temperature (°C) and Concentration of Atmospheric CO2 (ppm) over the past 800,000 years. What is the approximate current concentration of atmospheric CO2 (at 0 years before present)?

• About 400 ppm

• About 200 ppm

• About 280 ppm

• About 350 ppm

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-5

Refer to the graphs showing Temperature (°C) and Concentration of Atmospheric CO2 (ppm) over the past 800,000 years. True or False: The current temperature and CO2 concentration are both higher than at any other point in the past 800,000 years.

• True

• False

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-5

Researchers in the Galápagos Islands measured the average beak size in a population of finches from 1976 to 1984, as shown in the graph below. Birds with smaller beaks are better suited for grasses and soft seeds, while birds with larger beaks are better suited for seeds and nuts. In years with less rainfall, there are fewer grasses to feed on and the finches rely more on seeds for food. In 1977, 1980, and 1982, there were droughts, and the area experienced significantly less rainfall than average. Which statement is best supported by the data in the graph?

• Finches were better able to find mates, and the population size increased in 1977 because of the abundance of grasses.

• Finches with larger beaks were more likely to survive in 1980 because they were able to feed primarily on seeds and nuts during the drought.

• The average beak size in 1981 increased to 9.8 mm because finches had access to unlimited resources.

• The finch population declined from 1983 to 1984 due to a decrease in habitat.

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A one-hectare pond is sampled in early September. The sample yields 1 small catfish as well as 17 benthic invertebrates that represent 10 species. If the pond is resampled a year later, which of the following would best indicate that the pond had been adversely affected by adjacent development?

• An uncommon species has become more numerous.

• An increase in low-tolerance species has occurred.

• A decrease in high-tolerance species has occurred.

• Phylogenetic diversity has increased.

• The biodiversity of the pond has decreased.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

Researchers examined the effect of industrialization and increased pollution (soot) in London on the coloration in a single species of moths. Birds prey on the moths that are easily visible on trees. The researchers observed moths on tree trunks and recorded their body color. The percentage of moths with light colored bodies and the percentage of moths with dark bodies is shown on the graph above. Based on the data in the graph, which of the following best describes the change in the population of moths as a result of industrialization?

• The percentage of dark colored moths increased in the population and the percentage of light-colored moths decreased in the population.

• The percentage of dark-colored moths decreased in the population and the percentage of light-colored moths increased in the population.

• The percentage of dark colored moths decreased in the population after 1850 and the percentage light-colored moths remained constant throughout the time period.

• The percentage of both the dark-colored moths and the light-colored moths remained constant throughout the time period.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

The graphs below show the population size and distribution of beak sizes in a finch population on the island of Daphne Major in the Galapagos in 1976 and 1978. Smaller-beaked finches are better suited for eating grasses and small seeds. Larger-beaked finches are better suited for cracking larger seeds and nuts. In 1977 a drought took place and the vegetation of the island was affected by the lack of rain. Based on the graphs, what happened to the average beak size of the finch population from 1976 to 1978?

• It increased

• It decreased

• It stayed the same

• There is not enough information to tell

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

The drought in 1977 most likely caused the finch population to shift toward ________ beak sizes in 1978.

• larger

• smaller

• medium

• pointed

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

After a volcanic eruption on an island, Sophia and her team of ecologists are studying how the ecosystem recovers over time. Based on the data shown in the graph, which of the following best describes how Sophia and her team could determine when this ecosystem is approaching a climax community?

• Determine if the keystone species in the ecosystem is present two years after the volcanic eruption

• Measure the biomass of the pioneer species present before and after the volcanic eruption

• Record the number and type of producers present every year after the eruption

• Calculate the net primary productivity of a specific indicator species every year after the eruption

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NGSS.HS-LS2-2

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Which of the following claims is best supported by the data in the graph?

• The temperature of Earth rises and biodiversity increases immediately after a volcanic eruption.

• The carrying capacity of plants in the area is approximately 250 species.

• After the volcanic eruption, pioneer species colonized the area and the ecosystem began to undergo succession.

• Plant species that are well adapted will survive and reproduce, leading to a change in the ecosystem biodiversity through the process of natural selection.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

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