Chapters 15-21 24 Review

The upper chambers of the heart, called the atria, ________ blood, and the lower chambers, or ventricles, ________ blood.

• Clean, filter

• Pump, receive

• Receive, pump

• Purify, oxygenate

Answer explanation

The atria receive blood from the body and lungs, while the ventricles pump blood out to the body and lungs. Therefore, the correct completion is 'Receive, pump'.

What are the two phases of the heartbeat called?

• Oxygenation and filtration

• Pericardium and myocardium

• Pericardium and endocardium

• Systole and diastole

Answer explanation

The two phases of the heartbeat are called systole and diastole. Systole refers to the contraction of the heart muscles, while diastole is the relaxation phase, allowing the heart to fill with blood.

What happens if circulation is reduced?

• The heart atrophies

• Senses of taste and touch decrease

• Cells do not receive enough oxygen and nutrients

• The veins and arteries harden

Answer explanation

Reduced circulation means cells receive less blood, leading to insufficient oxygen and nutrients. This can impair cell function and overall health, making 'Cells do not receive enough oxygen and nutrients' the correct choice.

Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system?

• It interprets information from the environment

• It supplies food, oxygen, and other substances to cells

• It controls all body functions

• It allows reproduction

Answer explanation

The circulatory system's primary function is to supply food, oxygen, and other substances to cells, ensuring they receive the necessary nutrients for energy and growth. The other options do not describe functions of this system.

What mineral gives blood its red color and helps form red blood cells?

• Calcium

• Magnesium

• Iron

• Potassium

Answer explanation

Iron is the mineral that gives blood its red color due to its role in hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. It is essential for the formation of red blood cells, making it the correct answer.

Atherosclerosis is another word for:

• Chest pain

• Nerve breakdown

• Hardening and narrowing of the blood vessels

• Electrical disruption in the brain

Answer explanation

Atherosclerosis refers to the hardening and narrowing of blood vessels due to plaque buildup. This condition can lead to serious cardiovascular issues, making 'hardening and narrowing of the blood vessels' the correct choice.

Which two gases are exchanged in the lungs?

• Oxygen and nitrogen

• Oxygen and carbon monoxide

• Oxygen and carbon dioxide

• Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide

Answer explanation

In the lungs, oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream while carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism, is expelled. Therefore, the correct gases exchanged are oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Mucus coughed up from the lungs is called:

• Bronchus

• Sputum

• Venule

• Pleura

Answer explanation

Mucus coughed up from the lungs is known as sputum. It is a mixture of saliva and mucus that can indicate respiratory conditions, unlike bronchus (airway), venule (small vein), or pleura (lung lining).

Which statement about pneumonia is true?

• It can be caused by a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection

• It is only caused by bacteria

• It is only caused by a virus

• It is caused by an allergic reaction

Answer explanation

Pneumonia can result from various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. This makes the statement 'It can be caused by a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection' the only accurate choice, as the others are too restrictive.

Emphysema is usually caused by:

• Smoking

• Overeating

• Excessive alcohol

• Poor diet

Answer explanation

Emphysema is primarily caused by smoking, which damages the lungs and air sacs. Other factors like overeating, excessive alcohol, and poor diet do not directly cause this condition.