Chapter 9 Bussiness

A basic idea of ___________ was to conduct time-motion studies to find the best way to perform each task, then teach people to use these methods. 

• scientific management
• time management
• lean manufacturing
• total quality management

The purpose of management by objectives is to: 

• Increase individual workload without guidance.
• 
  help employees motivate themselves with a goal-setting model that involves discussion, review, and evaluation by management and employees.

• Focus solely on financial performance.
• Eliminate team collaboration and communication.

Theory ___ managers see employees as having a general dislike for work and an unwillingness to accept responsibility. 

• Theory X
• Theory A
• Theory Z
• Theory Y

Reprimands, pay reductions, and suspensions are all examples of: 

• performance reviews
• team-building activities
• Negative Reinforcement

• employee benefits

Equity theory states that employees will perform well if they: 

• believe they are overworked compared to others
• receive constant praise regardless of performance
• are given more responsibilities without additional support
• perceive fairness in their input-output ratio compared to others

Douglas McGregor described two very different sets of managerial attitudes about employees, which he called: 

• Theory Z and Theory W
• Theory A and Theory B
• Theory X and Theory Y
• Theory 1 and Theory 2

Which of the following statements is the best description of how scientific management viewed employees?

• Employees were seen as independent thinkers and decision-makers.
• 
  Employees are like machines that must be programmed to perform in a certain way.

• Employees were considered essential for creative innovation.
• Employees were viewed as partners in management decisions.

Which of the following is a characteristic of Type A management? 

• Low competitiveness and a relaxed approach to goals.
• individual decision making

• Focus on collaboration over individual achievement.
• Emphasis on long-term planning and stability.

 _________ is the term William Ouchi used to refer to the management approach typically used by firms in the United States. 

• Theory A
• Theory A

• Theory X
• Theory Y

Herzberg found that good pay: 

• Good pay is the only factor for employee motivation.
• Good pay leads to higher employee turnover.
• Good pay is irrelevant to job satisfaction.
• was a hygiene factor rather than a motivator.