Normal Structure and Function of the Urinary System

Which structure carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

• Ureters

• Bladder

• Urethra

• Nephrons

What is the primary function of the bladder walls during urine storage?

• Contract and flatten

• Relax and expand

• Secrete hormones

• Filter blood

During voiding, what action of the bladder walls facilitates urine elimination?

• Relaxation and expansion

• Contraction and flattening

• Peristalsis of the ureters

• Opening of the nephron

Which characteristic describes normal urine?

• Contains bacteria and viruses

• Sterile and free from fungi

• Composed only of water

• Contains proteins as a major component

A patient’s urine contains fluids, salts, and waste products but is free from microorganisms. How should this urine be characterized?

• Abnormal due to high protein

• Normal urine

• Indicative of infection

• Concentrated due to dehydration

A nurse notes that a patient has reduced urine volume. Which term best fits this finding?

• Anuria

• Polyuria

• Nocturia

• Oliguria

Which term refers to an excessive volume of urine produced?

• Nocturia

• Polyuria

• Oliguria

• Anuria

Nocturia is best defined as which of the following?

• Painful urination

• Excessive urination at night

• Abnormal presence of red blood cells in urine

• Inability of the bladder to empty

A patient reports painful urination. What term should be documented?

• Dysuria

• Hematuria

• Polyuria

• Anuria

Which statement about hematuria is accurate?

• It means decreased urine output.

• It indicates blood cells in urine, and urine color does not reflect degree of blood loss.

• It is defined as frequent nighttime voiding due to diabetes insipidus.

• It is always visible as bright red urine.