Understanding Innate Immune Responses

What is the primary function of mechanical barriers in the immune system?

• To produce antibodies

• To physically block pathogens from entering the body

• To destroy pathogens using enzymes

• To increase body temperature

Which of the following is an example of a mechanical barrier to infection?

• Stomach acid

• White blood cells

• skin

• Antibodies

What is the role of the physical epithelium in the immune system?

• To secrete hormones

• To digest food

• To produce red blood cells

• To act as a protective layer preventing pathogen entry

Which of the following is a chemical defence used by animals against pathogens?

• Mucus

• Hair

• Nails

• Bones

How does inflammation help defend the body against disease?

• By lowering body temperature

• By increasing blood flow and attracting immune cells to the site of infection

• By producing antibodies

• By blocking nerve signals

Which of the following is NOT a typical sign of inflammation?

• Heat

• Swelling

• Pain

• Numbness

What is the main function of phagocytosis in the immune response?

• To produce hormones

• To engulf and destroy pathogens

• To clot blood

• To transport oxygen

Which type of cell is primarily responsible for phagocytosis?

• Red blood cells

• Neutrophils

• Platelets

• Plasma cells

What is the role of blood clotting in the immune system?

• To increase blood pressure

• To prevent further entry of pathogens by sealing wounds

• To produce white blood cells

• To digest bacteria

During a science class, Rosie accidentally cuts her finger. Her teacher explains that a protein in her blood will be converted into fibrin to help form a clot and stop the bleeding. Which protein is converted into fibrin during the blood clotting process?

• Haemoglobin

• Myosin

• Albumin

• Fibrinogen