What are the main services provided by the transport layer?

• Error detection and correction

• Network address translation

• Main services of the transport layer include segmentation, reliable data transfer, flow control, and multiplexing.

• Data encryption and decryption

What is the purpose of a port number in networking?

• To encrypt data during transmission.

• The purpose of a port number in networking is to identify specific processes or services on a device.

• To manage network bandwidth allocation.

• To assign IP addresses to devices.

Explain the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and its key features.

• UDP is a connectionless protocol that provides fast, low-latency communication without guarantees for delivery or order.

• UDP is a connection-oriented protocol that ensures reliable data delivery.

• UDP guarantees the order of packets and provides error correction.

• UDP is a slow protocol that prioritizes data integrity over speed.

What are some common applications that use UDP?

• Email services

• Common applications that use UDP include video streaming, online gaming, VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol), and DNS (Domain Name System) queries.

• File transfer protocols

• Web browsing applications

Describe the services offered by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).

• TCP focuses solely on data encryption and does not manage flow control.

• TCP offers connection-oriented communication, reliable data transfer, ordered delivery, error detection and correction, flow control, and congestion control.

• TCP ensures unordered delivery and no error detection mechanisms.

• TCP provides connectionless communication and unreliable data transfer.

What are the key features that distinguish TCP from UDP?

• Key features distinguishing TCP from UDP include: TCP is connection-oriented, reliable, and provides error checking; UDP is connectionless, faster, and does not guarantee delivery.

• TCP does not provide error checking or delivery guarantees.

• UDP is connection-oriented and reliable.

• TCP is faster and simpler than UDP.

What is a TCP segment and what information does it contain?

• A TCP segment is a type of network cable used for data transmission.

• A TCP segment is a unit of data in TCP that contains a header with control information and a payload with the actual data.

• A TCP segment is a physical device that routes data packets between networks.

• A TCP segment is a protocol that manages network connections and security.

How is a TCP connection established?

• A TCP connection is established using a single packet exchange.

• A TCP connection is established through a two-way handshake.

• A TCP connection is established through a three-way handshake.

• A TCP connection is established by sending a connection request.

What is the role of windows in TCP?

• Windows in TCP help in establishing a secure connection between two endpoints.

• The role of windows in TCP is to manage flow control by specifying the amount of unacknowledged data that can be sent.

• The role of windows in TCP is to prioritize packet delivery based on size.

• Windows in TCP are used to encrypt data packets during transmission.

Explain the concept of flow control in TCP.

• Flow control in TCP uses a fixed-size buffer to send data without feedback.

• Flow control in TCP allows unlimited data transmission without restrictions.

• Flow control in TCP is managed solely by the receiver's processing speed.

• Flow control in TCP prevents the sender from overwhelming the receiver by using a sliding window mechanism that regulates data transmission based on the receiver's capacity.